Southampton County Virginia USGenWeb Archives News.....Insurrection, 1831 ************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/va/vafiles.htm ************************************************ Southampton Insurrection, 21-23 Aug 1831, as covered in a Whig party daily - "Richmond Whig and Commercial Journal" (Richmond, VA) Richmond Whig and Commercial Journal, Vol. 6, No. 43, 25 August 1831 p. 2 col. 5 Richmond Whig Thursday Evening, Aug. 25. Various letters have been received here from Petersburg, and other places nearer Southampton, detailing the rumors in circulation relative to the insurrection in that county. It appears from the best information, that a number of negroes, chiefly runaways, combined on Sunday, for the purpose of plunder. That they plundered several houses and committed some murders before their career could be checked - that having been joined by others, they proceeded to Jerusalem bridge in considerable force, where they were met by a few militia hastily assembled, who repulsed the blacks and drove them back, killing their leader, and several others, and taking some prisoners. The blacks became dispirited after this affair - and various parties of them were attacked, and killed, taken, or routed by the militia. Four militiamen in one instance, fell in with a party of twenty odd negroes, whom they attacked, and killed & wounded some, and took others prisoners. And in all the affairs the whites have not lost a man. There is therefore no cause for the slightest alarm. But it was necessary to send a sufficient force to the spot to scour the country, and secure all the misguided wretches who have taken part in this insurrection. Such a force is now on the spot, and we shall soon hear of the apprehension of all the negroes concerned. Vol. 6, No. 44, 26 August 1831 p. 2, col. 3-4 Richmond Whig Friday Evening, Aug. 26. The Artillery Company returned this morning. They had landed at Smithfield, and were about to take up their line of march for Southampton, when they received an order from Gen. Epps to return, as their services were unnecessary. The following is an extract from Gen. Epps’ despatch to Capt. Richardson: "Southampton, Jerusalem, Aug. 24, 1831 "I have to request you will direct the troops to return - perfectly satisfied that they cannot be wanting, as the party are dispersed, and from the best information no probability to their re-assembling - certainly not for some time." "P.S. - The insurgents are nearly dispersed. Fifteen have been killed and twelve in jail." It is now well ascertained that the band of negroes who committed the horrid murders in Southampton, were composed chiefly or entirely of runaways, who have long infested the Swamps of that county. Their object was probably to raise an insurrection among the slaves, But they have completely failed. The Richmond Dragoons arrived in Southampton on Wednesday night. They will probably get back this evening or to-morrow. We have obtained from two sources the following list of the persons massacred by the blacks:- Mrs. Whitehead’s family 7 Mrs. Waller’s 14 Mr. Williams’ 3 Mr. Barrow’s 2 Mrs. Vaughn's 5 Mrs. Turner's 3 Mr. Travis’ 5 Mr. J. Williams’ 5 Mr. Reice’s 4 Unknown 10 __ Total 58 A letter from Petersburg, written last night, gives the following information: "I have just read a letter from _____ to his father, dated yesterday [at Southampton.] He states that he was among the first that went in pursuit of the negroes. They commenced near the N. Carolina line, directing their course towards Jerusalem, led on by a fellow called Capt. Nat. Turner (a black) - the banditti consisted of about 25 to 30 - no others joined. He says that he has counted 40 corpses - mostly women and children - Another letter says 70. They have secured several in jail. For many miles around their track the country is deserted by the women and children, but armed troops are in every mile in squads - it is not general and has subsided. When the first party came upon them, they (the party) had dismounted, else they would have taken them all." From the Petersburg Intelligencer of this Morning. THE INSURRECTION. A great excitement has prevailed in this town for some days past, in consequence of the receipt of information on Monday night last, that an insurrection had broken out among the negroes in Southampton. The rumors have been so numerous and contradictory, that we are unable to state to our readers, at present, the precise state of affairs in that county. It appears, however, that the disturbance commenced on Sunday night last, in the neighborhood of the Cross Keys, about ten miles from the Courthouse, and has been almost entirely confined to that section of the county. The number of the insurgents has been variously estimated at from 150 to 400, acting in detached parties. From twenty-five to thirty families are said to have fallen victims to their ferocity. We are happy to say that the latest intelligence from the scene of disorder assures us that the further progress of these wretches has been arrested, that they are seeking shelter in the swamps, and that they are by this time surrounded by the militia and volunteers. The letter, which we give below, written by a highly intelligent and respectable gentleman of this town, is the latest account received here, and relieves us from the necessity of detailing the various rumors in circulation. [OCR program failed to identify about half a column of text, so the following is not part of the "Virginia Chronicle" text] Our friends at a distance may rest assured that we are prepared to meet any emergency. The Governor and Council have taken prompt and efficient measures to put a speedy end to the disturbance. A finely equipped troop of horse from Prince George, left this place on Wednesday last for Southampton. We understand that a Company of Artillery went down in the steamboat from Richmond on Tuesday; and that detachments of the militias from the surrounding counties have already taken up to line of march. We have not yet been able to send any assistance to our unfortunate neighbors, not having had arms more than to supply our wants. The arms ordered by the Executive, did not arrive until Wednesdy night; we are, therefore, now prepared to act when and where occasion may require. We trust, however, from the force already on the scene of action, that, by this time, tranquility has been restored. Belfield, (Greensville Co.) August 24, 1831. "In the greatest haste i write you a few line,- I can merely say that we are all in arms and in the great excitement on account of the insurrection, which broke out on Sunday night last - between 80 and a hundred of the whites have already been butchered - their heads severed from their bodies, The intention of the negroes was to reach the Dismal Swamp, I think however that we have them so hemmed in as to render it impossible for them to do so. On Monday night I reached Belfield (head quarters of the troops) and was given the command of a small body, and a piece of Srtillery, which I stationed so as to command the bridge. I was up the whole night visiting each one of my sentinels every ten minutes. At Jerusalem the blacks made three desperate attempts to cross the bridge, but were repulsed with some loss. No whites have been lost in any of the skirmishes which [have] taken place. Those fellows commenced by murdering a family, taking their arms and horses, and pushing on to the next house with all possible speed, where they massacred every white, even to the infant in the cradle. They continue in this manner until they are interrupted, when they disperse and skulk about the woods, until another favorable opportunity occurs of collecting together and repeating their horrible massacres. Between 25 and 30 families have already been entirely destroyed. Three families were yesterday murdered, one consisting of ten persons. Something will be effected to-day, as very active officers and well armed men are at the heels of these villains. Yesterday a very spirited resistance was made by a party, sent out to reconnoitre and discover the position of these fellows, consisting of four against twenty blacks; the whites repulsed them, killed 3 or 4, and took several prisoners. Many of the blacks are well mounted; their leader was shot in the attempt made to force the bridge at Jerusalem." "We do not yet know their strength, but think they are now effectually hemmed in, and must all perish within a few days. Dr. Scott left Belfield yesterday with a strong party of horse, and the determination of pursuing them until every man of them was taken or destroyed." HERALD OFFICE, } Norfolk, 24th Aug. - Evening.} To the Editors of the Whig. Of the occurences in Southampton, which so powerfully and painfully interest us at present, I can, perhaps, impart to you no information of which you are not already in possession. The horrid tidings were received here yesterday, by an express from Suffolk, and for a moment staggered belief; but doubt soon gave way to painful conviction. Letters, giving the names and number of the innocent and defenceless victims of a most savage ferocity, confirmed all, and even led to an apprehension of the worst that could happen. Our Court immediately convened, and in consultation with Judge Taylor proceeded to adopt measures of precaution at home, while they extended their views to the succor of our fellow citizens of Southampton. It was soon ascertained that arms and ammunition could be obtained from the Navy Yard; and Colo. Warrington gave a prompt assurance of his readiness to furnish them at any moment; and. [col. break] [col. 4] if required, a sufficiency for a thousand men. Yhe Court then decided on making to Co. House, commanding at Fortress Monroe, for as many U. S. troops as could be spared from that post, and ordered the employment of the Steamboat Hampton, to take them to Suffolk. It being the day on which the Hampton makes her weekly trips to Smithfield, she did not arrive until nearly 9 o'clock at night, and was unable to unable to start for Old Point sooner than one o'clock - consequently, Col. House did not receive the application of the Court until three, when it was delivered to him by Capt. Capron, of the Norfolk Independent Volunteers, who had been deputed by the Court, as the bearer of the despatch. The Col. very promptly ordered three companies under arms, and embarked with them himself, at six o'clock, on board the Hamp- [OCR captured the remainder] ton. A similar request having been addressed by the Court, to Com. Elliot, of the sloop of war Natchez, (just arrived,) and Capt. Cooper, of the sloop of war Warren, both lying in the Roads, the Hampton called alongside of each ship, and received from them an additional force of marines. The expedition arrived at Suffolk at one o'clock to-day. There is a general turn-out of the militia of Isle of Wight, Nansemond and Southampton; the deficiency of fire-arms and ammunition, however, is truly lamentable. They have no musket balls, and in the skirmishes they have had in Southampton, the militia have had to use bird shot! Another express from Suffolk, was received here to-day, with a despatch from Major Benton, of the Nansemond Regiment, requesting aid for Southampton. They are not so much in want of infantry, as of mounted men and riflemen. We have no cavlry in commission, nevertheless we soon raised a very respectable corps of citizens, who mounted and equipped themselves in a few hours, and started to join their brethren in Southampton. Pistols, cutlasses, and ball cartridges, have also been furnished by Com. Warrington, end forwarded on to Suffolk. I have received this afternoon, a letter from a friend in Winton, (N.C.,) which, after detailing some of the bloody scenes in Southampton, (with which you must ere this be acquainted,) states that one hundred mounted men had left Murfreesborough for the defense of Southampton; and adds - "While I am writing, 50 or 60 men, well equipped, are now matching out of town for the same destination, and a detachment has been, or is about to be sent from Gates." Virginia can never forget this fresh instance of the generous friendship of her sister State. The force now embodied, and on its way to the scene of action from all quarters, with the prompt aid in men and arms, which, I have just learnt, has been sent down by the Executive, will put a stop to all further outrage, to insure the capture of the murderers, and give permanent protection and confidence to the citizens. Vol. 6, No. 48, 29 August 1831 p. 2, col. 5-6 Richmond Whig Monday Evening. Aug. 29. Extract of a letter from the Senior Editor, dated JERUSALEM, Southampton Ct. House, } Thursday Evening , Aug. 25. } The Richmond Troop arrived here this morning a little after 9 o’clock, after a rapid, hot and most fatiguing march from Richmond. On the road we met a thousand different reports, no two agreeing, and leaving it impossible to make a plausible guess at the truth. On the route from Petersburg, we found the whole country thoroughly alarmed; every man armed, the dwellings all deserted by the white inhabitants, and the farms most generally left in possession of the blacks. On our arrival at this village, we found Com. Elliott and Col. Worth, with 250 U. States troops, from the neighborhood of Old Point, and a considerable militia force. A Troop of Horse from Norfolk and one from Prince George, have since arrived. Jerusalem was never so crowded from its foundation; for besides the considerable military force assembled here, the ladies from the adjacent country, to the number of 3 or 400, have sought refuge from the appalling dangers by which they were surrounded. Here for the first time, we learnt the extent of the insurrection, and the mischief perpetrated. Rumor had infinitely exaggerated the first, swelling the numbers of the negroes to a thousand or 1200 men, and representing its ramifications as embracing several of the adjacent counties, particularly Isle of Wight and Greensville; but it was hardly in the power of rumor itself, to exaggerate the atrocities which have been perpetrated by the insurgents : whole families, father, mother, daughters, sons, sucking babes, and school children, butchered, thrown into heaps, and left to be devoured by hogs and dogs, or to putrify on the spot. At Mr. Levi Waller’s, his wife and ten children, were murdered and piled in one bleeding heap on his floor.- Waller himself was absent at the moment, but approaching while the dreadful scene was acting, was pursued, and escaped into a swamp, with much difficulty. One small child in the house at the time, escaped by concealing herself in the fire place, witnessing from the place of her concealment, the slaughter of the family, and her elder sisters among them. Another child was cruelly wounded and left for dead, and probably will not survive. All these children were not Mr. Waller’s. A school was kept near his house, at which, and between which and his house, the ruthless villains murdered several of the helpless children. Many other horrors have been perpetrated. The killed, as far as ascertained, amount to sixty-two; I send a list behoved to be correct, as far as it goes. There are probably others not yet known hereafter to be added. A large proportion of these were women and children. It is not believed that any outrages were offered to the females. How, or with whom, the insurrection originated, is not certainly known. The prevalent belief is, that on Sunday week last, at Barnes’ Church in the neighborhood of the Cross Keys, the negroes who were observed to be disorderly, took offence at something; (it is not known what) that the plan of insurrection was then and there conceived, matured in the course of the week following, and carried into execution on Sunday night the 21st August. The atrocities commenced at Mr. Travis’. A negro, called captain Moore, and who it is added is a preacher, is the reputed leader. On Monday, most of the murders were perpetrated. It is said, that none have been committed since that day. The numbers engaged are not supposed to have exceeded 60 - one account says a hundred - another not so many as 40. Twelve armed and resolute men, were certainly competent to have quelled them at any time. But, taken by surprise - with such horrors before their eyes, and trembling for their wives: and children, the men, most naturally, only thought in the first place, of providing a refuge for those dependent upon them. Since this has been effected, the citizens have acted with vigor. Various parties have scoured the country, and a number of the insurgents, (differently reported,) have been killed or taken. There are thirteen prisoners now at this place, one or more of them severely wounded; the principal of them, a man aged about 21, called Marmaduke, who might have been a hero, judging from the magnanimity with which he bears his sufferings. He is said to be an atrocious offender, and the murderer of Miss Vaughan, celebrated for her beauty. The Preacher- Captain has not been taken. At the Cross Keys, summary justice in the form of decapitation has been executed on one or more prisoners. The people are naturally enough, wound up to a high pitch of rage, and precaution is even necessary, to protect the lives of the captives - scouring parties are out, and the insurrection may be considered as already suppressed. Jerusalem, Saturday 27. Since writing the accompanying letter, which was expected to have been sent off immediately, other prisoners have been taken, and in one or two instances, put to death forthwith by the enraged inhabitants. Some of these scenes are hardly inferior in barbarity to the atrocities of the insurgents; and it is to be feared that a spirit of vindictive ferocity has been excited, which may be productive of farther outrage, and prove discreditable to the country. Since Monday, the insurgent negroes have committed no aggression, but have been dodging about in the swamps, in parties of three and four. They are hunted by the local militia with great implacability, and must all eventually, be slain or made captive. All the mischief was done between Sunday morning and Monday noon. In this time, the rebels traversed a country of near 20 miles extent, murdering every white indiscriminately, and wrecking the furniture. They set fire to no houses, and as far as is known, committed no outrage on any white female. What the ulterior object was, is unknown. The more intelligent opinion is that they had none; though some of them say it was to get to Norfolk, seize a ship and go to Africa. My own impression is, that they acted under the influence of their leader Nat, a preacher and a prophet among them; that even he had no ulterior purpose, but was stimulated exclusively by fanatical revenge, and perhaps misled by some hallucination of his imagined spirit of prophecy.- Committing the first murder, finding themselves already beyond the reach of pardon, drunk and desperate, they proceeded in blind fury, to murder and destroy all before them. It will be long before the people of this country can get over the horrors of the late scenes, or feel safe in their homes.- Many will probably migrate. It is an aggravation of the crimes perpetrated, that the owners of slaves in this country are distinguished for lenity and humanity. Cotton and corn are the staples here, and the labor of attending to these is trifling compared with what is necessary in other parts of the State. A list of persons killed in the insurrection which commenced the 2lst Aug. 1831, in Southampton County. Joseph Travis, his wife and 3 children - 5. Mrs. Turner, Hartwell Peeples, the overseer, and Mrs. Newman - 3. Mrs. Reese, and son William, and _____ Barham - 3. Tragan Doyall, wife and child - 3. Henry Bryant, wife, child, and wife’s mother - 4. Mrs. Catharine Whitehead, son Richard, four Daughters, and grand child - 7. Salathial Francis - l. Overseer of Nathaniel Francis and two children - 3. Tho. Barrow and Geo. Vaughan - 2. Mrs. Levi Waller and ten children-(probably not all her’s) husband and one child escaped - the child by getting up the chimney - 11. William Williams, his wife and two boys - 4. Jacob Williams, 3 children, and Edwin Drury - 5. Mrs. Caswell Warrell and child - 2. Mrs. Rebecca Vaughan, daughter Ann Eliza, and son Arthur - 3. Mrs. John Williams and child - 2. Mrs. Jno. Vaughan and 3 children - 4 - total 62. OFFICIAL. Sunday night, 28th- "Gen. Eppes reports to the Governor by express, from Head Quarters, at Jerusalem, Southampton, that there is no longer any danger in that county, or its vicinity, and there is not the least danger of the renewal of the disturbances. "The insurgents all taken or killed, except Nat. Turner the leader, after whom there is a warm pursuit. "The troops will be discharged shortly. "The Gen. reports 48 prisoners, "The Richmond Troop is at Head Quarters, officers, and members, all well and in good spirits." Monday morning, 20th-further report from Gen. Eppes. Every thing perfectly quiet - a few more prisoners had been taken. The General, whose duties must have been most arduous, has personally examined the country for several miles around - established communications with the militia force of the neighboring counties, and adopted the most effectual measures to give quiet and security to the country. Monday, 20th, Gen. Brodnax, who had repaired to Greensville, and assumed the command of that portion of his Brigade which he had at Hick’s Ford, reports to the Governor that he has discharged the 66th and 96th Regiments. Brunswick who, with the Greenville militia, had instantly turned out upon information of the disturbances in Southampton. The officers detached by Gen. B. to Southampton, report to him that the scene of the late murders is perfectly quiet, and free from any visible marauders. No murder or other injury, committed or attempted, since Monday last. All the party have been killed or taken, with the exception, as is believed from the statement of prisoners and other information, of from four to five who had retreated to a swamp, and will probably be taken. Nat, the ringgleader, who calls himself General, pretends to be a Baptist Preacher - a great enthusiast - declares to his comrades, that he is commissioned by Jesus Christ, and proceeds under his inspired directions - that the late singular appearance of the sun was the sign for him, &c. &c. - is arming the number not yet taken. The story of his having been killed at the Bridge near Jerusalem, and of the two engagements there, unfounded. It is believed he cannot escape. The General is convinced, from various sources of information, that there has existed no general concert among the slaves - circumstances impossible to have been feigned, demonstrate the entire ignorance on the subject, of all the slaves in the counties around Southampton, among whom he has never known more perfect order and quiet to prevail - that it is most to be regretted, that on the general alarm, the extent of the insurgent force, should have so long continued unknown, and been so much exaggerated. He believes, that at any time, a force of 20 resolute men, confronted with, could easily have put them down. The highest approbation is expressed of the admirable conduct and spirit of the militia, who have every where turned out with the utmost promptitude, and given the most unquestionable evidence of their ability, instantly and effectually to put down every such attempt. The 66 and 96th Regiments assembled and marched from Brunswick upon Southampton, by different routes, in 20 hours from the time the intelligence reached them - part of them from a distance of 30 miles. A fine troop of cavalry from Mecklenburg, reported to General B. for service, on the 25th. The families who had fled from supposed danger, and taken refuge at Hicksford, Greensville, have generally returned to their homes. Vol. 6, No. 50, 31 August 1831 p. 2. col 5 There is nothing further official from Southampton. We learn from the Norfolk Beacon of yesterday that the troops from the Borough and Portsmouth have returned. A member of the Richmond Troop returned to-day, and reports that the Troop will not return till the trial of the prisoners is over. This will probably be in a few days. Volume 6, Number 51, 1 September 1831 p. 2, col. 6 DIED, On Tuesday night, the 30th ult. in the 24th year of his age, Mr. James Marquis, after an illness of three weeks. At Summerhill, in the County of Chesterfield on Thursday morning, 25th ult., of a violent bilious inflammatory fever, of thirteen days duration, Mr. Robertson Turpin, in the 29th year of his age, leaving numerous relatives and friends to bemoan his untimely death. But few young men were more generally beloved than the deceased. He became a believer in the Lord Jesus Christ, a short time before his illness, and died perfectly resigned, firmly relying on the merits of a crucified Redeemer. Vol. 6, No. 52, 2 September 1831 p. 2, col. 4 Friday Evening, Sept. 2. [dingbat] The Richmond Troop of Cavalry, returned to-day, from Southampton. Every thing quiet, and the trials going on. - The place of the Richmond Troop was supplied, by a detachment of 200 men from Gen. Eppes’ Brigate, to guard the prisoners. Vol. 6, No. 55, 6 September 1831 p. 2, col. 5-6 SOUTHAMPTON. We received by the mail this morning, the following letter from Southampton. Artis being dead, Nat is the last of the conspicuous insurgents who remains untaken. [col. 6 - margin obscured in binding; best guess below] To the Editors of the Whig. POST OFFICE, JERUSALEM Saturday, 2d Sept. 12 Sir - Agreeably to my promise, I [give the] news of the day; since your departure [& that of the] worthy and respectable band of brothers [the Rich-] mond Cavalry, nothing new has yet [ocurred to] produce unpleasant sensations; families [return-] ing home, and opening their doors to [the sol=] dier, as he passes, with their grateful [acknowledg=] ment for the promptness with which [they came to] our relief. Our Superior Court was to [have com-] menced on the first of the month, the [?] ed in due time, and gave way in a few [?] our country authorities. We are prog[ressing] slowly, owing to the innumerable quan[tity of wit-] nesses to be brought from different [parts of the] county. So far as we have gone, the [testimony has] been strong and conclusive, as respects [the perpetra-] tors. No good testimony as yet to [indicate] that the conspiracy was a general one. [?] on to detail circumstances as they [?] waiting until to-morrow up to the [?] mail, and then will conclude with a [?] It is just reported that Billy Artis, a free [man and] one of the principals, has killed himself. [?] of his being killed, but not by his own [hand. Ano-] ther reports, that Artis is certainly dead. Six o'clock, P. M. We have been rather [ex-] peditious to-day; the Court has just adjourned [till] Monday - condemned 14 out of 15. P. S. Sunday Evening, 3 o'clock. - No [?] to-day. We commence hanging to-morrow. Your Friend, T. TREZVANT, Jerusalem We understand that several negroes [?] a rope walk, have been arrested at Norfolk [?] report is that they had confessed the [?] rebelling and attacking the whites at [?] Norfolk papers to night, will bring more information. Meantime, we have no [doubt] rumor has exaggerated the affair, as it [?] thing else of the nature. In the N. York Journal of Commerce, the following letter written from Richmond THE INSURRECTION IN VIRGINIA. - The [?] the Journal of Commerce have been fav[?] the following interesting letter, dated [?] Aug. 28th, 1831. Yours of the 25th, is received. Un[?] the opinion has prevailed that the disturba[?] the negroes was confined to a number [of] slaves, in and about the Dismal swamp [?] nothing like a concerted plan of an [?] was thought of by others. Our artillery company you will have [heard] returned home. The company of horse [was] on their way home. But we learn the [?] received an express last night from the [?] country where the murders took place, [in-] duced him to send forward an express [to the] company of horse, and order them to return [to the] country of insurrectionists again. It is [said] that the Governor has received one or two [?] ses since morning, and that the last account [?] that several more families have been murdered [?] insurrections had broke out in Halifax, [?] Surry and Nansemond, Va., - that a mistake [was] made by some of the Negroes, and that [?] instead of last Sunday, was the day on [which] murders were to have been committed. [?] has out a small patrol at night, but people [?] seem to be of opinion that stronger measures [?] be taken. A very intelligent citizen says [at] least four hundred men should be under [arms at] night, as reports are that threats of [?] have been made near this city. The reports [?] no doubt have been founded upon nothing, [?] instances, nevertheless, cause some alarm [?] can now conceive that the murders at Southampton [?] could not have been so much an affair of [?] negroes, as was at first supposed; and the [?] arises, if the slaves in that county would [?] the whites, whether they are not as ready [?] in any other county in the State; and what [?] report that may spread among the slaves [?] parts of the State, may not excise those [?] rection that never thought of such a thing [?] We are of opinion that those occurrences [?] considerable excitement among our citizens [?] some time, although no further damage [?] done; and we are not without fears that more [?] age will arise before the slaves are learn [?] their best interest is. If they attempt any harm in towns, they [?] most likely resort to fire to aid them; and destroyed by such fire, would not he paid [for by in-] surers. For this reason we should not, just [at this] time, care to have goods sent to us on [which we] might have to make advances. On account of the last paragraph, we [?] this letter was published. It is calculated [?] most serious injury to the trade of Richmond [?] all the towns in Eastern Virginia. [?] would be resorted to in all probability, were [ne-] groes in the towns, to attempt insurrection; [it] is also true, that in that case, the insurers [would] not be responsible; but we assert most conf[idently] that since Gabriel’s rebellion there never [has been] a moment when there was in point of fact, [such] cause to apprehend insurrection as at this [?] moment. When the country is on its gua[rd &] under arms; when an attempt at insurrect[ion] just been crushed without the smallest di[?] when the negroes see and feel, the hopele[ssness &] the madness, of all such efforts, and the [?] and condign punishment which is sure to [?] that we say, is the very last season which [?] be selected for rebellion. It is when the[re has] been a long interval of quiet, when suspici[on &] vigilance are asleep, that there is any danger [?] that danger in the nature of things, must [?] ned to a few families, and can never threa[ten the] community. To our friends at the North a[nd eve-] ry where else, we say believe not one fiftieth [part of] the rumors invented by idleness, and circulat[ed with] credulity. There is not the slightest reason for the [?] expressed in the last paragraph of the letter [?] Journal of Commerce, and we hope the comm[?] business of the country will not suffer from [so ri-] diculous a cause. At a meeeting of a number of a the citizens [of] Henrico county at the Court House of said cou[nty] on Monday, the 5th instant, for the purpose of [for-] ming a Troop of Calvary, and many having [?] ed, it was agreed that they would meet again at same place, on Tuesday, the 13th instant, at [?] o’clock, A. M. with the view that every one [?] had joined or might wish to join, could have [?] their power to do so previous to and be present [?] the election of officers, which will take place that day. Vol. 6, No. 56, 7 September 1831 p. 2, col. 6 Extract of a letter from Southampton, to a gentleman in this City, dated Cedardale, Sept. 4, 1831. We expected you would be a little uneasy about us, from the many rumors that were abroad in the land. It came upon us as unexpectedly as any thing possibly could, and produced a pretty general panic, especially among our females. In fact it was a desperate affair. I have been engaged three or four days, trying those scoundrels: fourteen have been tried - thirteen of whom have been condemned and one acquitted - these are some of the principal offenders. There are a number still in jail: about 40 is supposed to have been shot in the woods and other places. One of the leaders, a free fellow, was found shot, two days ago; supposed by his own hand, as his hat was hung on a stake near him, and his pistol lying by him-so that all have been taken & destroyed, except their principal leader, Capt. Nat. This fellow is very improperly represented to be a Baptist Preacher. I wish you to see the Editors of your papers on this subject, and say to them, that that account from the best information I can obtain, is an entire mistake. He never was a member of the Baptist or any other Church; he assumed that character of his own accord, and has been for several years one of those fanatical scoundrels, that pretended to be divinely inspired; of bad character, and never countenanced, except by a very few of his deluded black associates. To give this explanation, is an act of justice, to which I am sure they will readily accord. [dingbat] It gives us pleasure to make the correction which this letter furnishes, in regard to Capt. Nat - That he should have been a Baptist Preacher, argues however, no discredit, to that respectable and patriotic denomination. It is not the fault of the creed, that scoundrels now and then profess it, for nefarious purposes. It is a little remarkable how little is known of Captain Nat. We could find no person who had ever seen him. Vol. 57, No. 61, 13 September 1831 p. 2, col. 4 MERIT REWARDED. Extract of a letter from Washington, 8th Sept. "Com. Elliot, who has just left my room, informs me of a little incident at which I am much gratified. He went to see the President this morning, and gave him a minute account of some incidents connected with the heart- rendering scenes in Southampton; and among others, of the conduct of the aged Dr. Blunt and his little party, on hearing of the approach of the inhuman monster who were coming to destroy them. The President was so much pleased with the account the Commodore gave him of the gallant conduct of the boy, (the son of the doctor,) that he ordered a Midshipman’s Warrant to be made out for him forthwith, and that he should be placed under the Commodore’s command; under whose attention and care I have no doubt he will be made worthy of the country that gave him birth and of the parents he so bravely defended. Such incidents have a fine effect upon the youths of our country; and, when properly noticed they will make a nation of heroes. Elliot is a fine fellow: the good feeling he manifested by his prompt movement in defence of Southampton, has endeared him still more to me, as I am sure it will to every true-hearted Virginian." Vol. 57, No. 63, 15 September 1831 p. 2, col. 5 The following notice which we extract from the Baltimore Chronicle of yesterday, merits and will no doubt receive the immediate attention of the Executive. "General Nat. - We learn that a negro man has been committed to the goal of Baltimore county as a runaway, but that circumstances have given rise to strong suspicions that he was one of the Southampton insurgents, if not their leader, who is termed General Nat. He came here from the south on a horse which he had stolen at Washington city. - Being committed only as a runaway, he will be speedily released in compliane with law, unless he be claimed as a slave, or crime be alleged against him. It would be well for the authorities in Virginia, therefore to take measures to have him identified and brought to trial, if he be one of the insurgents." Vol. 57, No. 64, 16 September 1831 p. 2, col. 5 By last night’s southern mail, we received the following startling accounts of another insurrection. Little doubt can now exist, that the Southampton plot was more extensive than we had supposed, and none that facilities for communication were afforded by religious meetings. The condemnation of another pretended preacher in Prince George, places this beyond doubt. It is time that an end should be put to such means. From the Raleigh Register of Yesterday. ANOTHER INSURRECTION. For the last twenty-four hours, this City has been in a state of considerable excitement, in consequence of the reception of intelligence, from such a source as leaves no doubt of its truth, that the Slaves of Duplin and Sampson Counties, in this State, have risen in rebellion against the Whites, and have committed many horrid butcheries. Some accounts include Now Hanover and Bladen also, but the probability as to these is not so strong. We are, as yet, entirely in the dark as to the number of the insurgents, the extent of their murders, the names of their victims, or their ultimate destination. Our town however, has been put in a state of complete defence, for the purpose either of suppressing disturbances, at home or of meeting danger from abroad. At a meeting of the citizens held at the Court House, on Tuesday afternoon, a Senior Volunteer Association was formed, composed altogether of individuals exempt from military duty, the command of which was assigned to Thomas G. Scott, Esq. Other measures of defence were also adopted, calculated to add to the security of our citizens. An express having arrived from Johnston County, requesting a supply of ammunition, the Commissioners of the City had a meeting and immediately ordered a full supply of powder, lead and flints to he despatched to Smithfield, where it is understood, that the Militia of the County are embodied. The most recent account states the number of families murdered at seventeen! - We are in momentary expectation of particulars. From the Raleigh Star of Yesterday. We understand that about twenty-one negroes have been committed to jail in Edenton, on a charge of having been concerned in concerting a project of rebellion. A slave has also been arrested and imprisoned in Duplin county, upon a similar allegation. He had communicated his knowledge of the scheme in agitation to a free man of color, who gave immediate information to the whites. Serious reports in relation to a revolt of the slaves in Wilmington and Sampson county, reached this city, by the way of Smithfield, on Monday night and Tuesday morning last. On Tuesday evening, certain intelligence from various sources reached us of an insurrection having occurred on Sunday night last in a part of Sampson and Duplin counties. Its extent or the damage done is unknown to us. But, as the militia have been called out in the adjacent counties, we flatter ourselves that it will be speedily suppressed, and that the deluded wretches who are concerned in the diabolical attempt will be made to suffer severely for their temerity. From the Petersburg Intelligencer of this Morning. In Prince George, on Tuesday last, a slave by the name of Christopher, belonging to Mr. Henry G. Heath, a blacksmith by trade and a preacher by profession, was tried by the Court on a charge of being concerned with the Southampton conspirators, and condemned to death. He is to be hung the first Friday in October next. We learn that eight convictions have likewise taken place in Sussex County. [dingbat] P. S. In addition to the foregoing accounts, we learn that authentic information has just reached Governor Floyd, that about forty blacks are confined in Nansemond jail, charged with being concerned in the late insurrection in Southampton. The Baltimore Chronicle of yesterday, says - "We understand, that the negro man confined in joal as a runaway, and who was suspected to he concerned in the Southampton insurrection, has been demanded by, and delivered to, the executive of Virginia." The foregoing extract is incorrect. We learn the Governor has made no demand of the slave in question. He has never yet been able to obtain such a description of Nat. the ringleader, as to enable him to offer a reward for his apprehension. Will the Editor of the Chronicle inform us how long the detention of a runaway is authorised, if the slave in question is still detained? Vol. 57, No. 65, 17 September 1831 p. 2, col. 5 Richmond Whig Saturday Evening, Sept. 17. The following is a part of the Post Bill from Petersburg, received to-day. "We are happy to state, that the report with regard to the Insurrection in N. C. is exaggerated - there have been no murders committed as yet." [dingbat] The Governor’s Proclamation, offering a reward of $500 for the apprehension of Nat, the leader of the Southampton Insurrection, and giving a description of him, will be found in another column. p. 3, col. 2 By the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia. A PROCLAMATION. WHEREAS, the Slave NAT, otherwise called NAT TURNER, the contriver and leader of the late insurrection in Southampton, is still going at large: therefore, I, John Floyd, Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia, have thought proper, and do hereby offer a reward of Five Hundred Dollars, to any person, or persons, who will apprehend, and convey to the jail of Southampton County, the said slave, NAT: and I do moreover require all officers, civil and military, and exort the good people of the Commonwealth, to use their best endeavours, to cause the said fugitive to be apprehended, that he may be dealt with as the law directs. Given under my hand as Governor, and under the lesser seal of the [Seal.] Commonwealth, at Richmond, this 17th day of September, 1831. JOHN FLOYD. NAT is between 30 and 35 years old, 5 feet 6 or 8 inches high, weighs between 150 and 160 lbs., rather bright complexion, but not a mulatto, broad shoulders, large flat nose, large eyes, broad flat feet, rather knock-kneed, walks brisk and active, hair on the top of the head very thin, no beard, except on the upper lip. and the top of the chin, a scar on one of his temples, also one on the back of his neck, a large knot on one of the bones of his right arm, near the wrist, produced by a blow. sep 17-d6t Vol. 57, No. 66, 19 September 1831 p. 2, col. 4-5 STAR-EXTRA. } Raleigh, Thursday Evening, Sept. 15. } Negro Conspiracy! - Knowing the deep interest which, pervades the community with respect to an insurrection of the blacks reported to have broken out in Sampson and Duplin counties on Sunday night last, we hasten to lay before the public in this extra slip, such intelligence as has reached us since our paper went to press, from which it is gratifying to learn that no overt act of rebellion has taken place, and that the alarming reports now circulating through the country, about the burning of property and massacre of several white families, are entirely erroneous. But while we rejoice to hear that no lives are lost, there should be no relaxation of vigilance and precaution. Although no damage has been done, an extensive plot seems to have been well matured for great mischief, and it may not yet have been traced to its boundaries. Prompt steps for security should, therefore, be every where taken and steadily persevered in. The following communication was received at the Executive Office to-day about 12 o’clock, M. Clinton, Sampson county, Sept. 13, 1831. To the Governor of North Carolina. Sir, - The inhabitants of Sampson have been alarmed with an insurrection of the Negroes. We have ten or fifteen Negroes in Jail, and we have such proof that most of them will be bound over to our Superior Court. We have testimony that will implicate most of the Negroes in the county. We wish you to issue an order to command the Colonel of the county to appoint a guard to guard the Jail until the Negroes shall have their trial. The people of Duplin county, have examined ten or fifteen Negroes, and found two guilty, and have put them to death. There never was such excitement in Sampson and Duplin before Yours, respectfully, WM. BLANKS, THOMAS BUNTING, R. C. HOLMES, H. C. HOLMES, S. JOHNSON. Observer Office, Fayetteville, } Sept. 14, 3, P. M. } Two of the gentlemen who went from this place to Clinton on Monday night have this moment returned, there being no danger, though the existence of the plot is clearly established. We have procured from one of them the following statement, drawn up by himself yesterday at Clinton. It is worthy of entire reliance. On Sunday, the 4th inst. the first information of the contemplated rising of the Blacks, was sent from South Washington. The disclosure was made by a free mulatto man to Mr. Usher, of Washington, who sent the information to Mr. Kelly of Duplin. It appears from the mulatto’s testimony, that Dave, a slave belonging to Mr. Morissey of Sampson, applied to him to join the conspirators, stated that the negroes in Sampson, Duplin, and New Hanover, were regularly organized and prepared to rise on the 4th October. Dave was taken up, and on his testimony convicted. - After his conviction, he made a confession of the above to his master, and in addition gave the names of the four principal ringleaders in Sampson and Duplin, and several in Washington, named several families that they intended to murder. Their object was to march by two routes to Wilmington, spreading destruction and murder on their way. At Wilmington they expected to be reinforced by 2000, to supply themselves with arms and ammunition, and then return. Three of the ringleaders in Duplin have been taken, and Dave and Jim executed. There are 23 negroes in jail in Duplin county, all of them no doubt concerned in the conspiracy. Several have been whipped and some released. In Sampson 25 are in jail, all concerned directly or indirectly in the plot. The excitement among the people in Sampson is very great, and increasing; they are taking effectual measures to arrest all suspected persons. A very intelligent Negro Preacher named David, was put on his trial to-day and clearly convicted by the testimony of another negro. The people were so much enraged, that they scarcely could be prevented from shooting him on his passage from the Court House to the jail. All the confessions made induce the belief that the conspirators were well organized, and their plans well understood in Duplin, Sampson, Wayne, New Hanover, and Lenoir. Nothing had transpired to raise even a suspicion that they extended into Cumberland or Bladen, except that Jim confessed that Nat, Col. Wright’s negro, (who has.been missing since the discovery of the plot,) had gone to Bryant Wright's, in tho neighborhood of Fayetteville, to raise a eompany to join the conspirators. The rumours respecting a large force having been seen collected together, are unfounded, though there seems no doubt but that small armed bands have been seen. I cannot believe that any danger is to be apprehended, where the citizens are so constantly on the watch, and pursue such vigorous measures towards the offenders. The militia are assembled in ample force. Vol. 6, No. 70, 23 September 1831 p. 2, col. 5 For the Whig. Southampton, Jerusalem, Sept. 17, 1831. The Ladies of Southampton, having in a great measure recovered from the shock, caused by the unexampled butcheries, lately perpetrated in their county, seize the earliest opportunity of returning their thanks, to the different volunteer companies throughout our State, and sister State North Carolina, who gallantly came forward to defend them. Regretting the privations which all of them suffered, they will ever cherish the most lively gratitude for their services. To the officers, themselves, and to the troops from Fortress Monroe, they also respectfully tender their thanks - and with feelings of kindness, promise never to forget, the gallant seamen, with their commander, who just from a long and tedious cruise, lost no time in coming to their assistance. Vol. 6, No. 72, 26 September 1831 p. 2, col. 1-4 The Richmond Whig. COMMUNICATION For the Whig. SOUTHAMPTON INSURRECTION. Jerusalem, Sept. 17 1831. Messrs. Editors: Being firmly convinced, that the public would be gratified by a detailed account, of the late unfortunate occurrence in our county; and likewise conscious, that justice to the innocent requires, that the causes, the extent, and number of persons involved in the late insurrection, should be correctly understood, I have resolved to enter upon the task. - Professional duties prevent me, from bestowing as much attention to the drawing up of this narrative as I would wish. - And I must therefore, submit it to the public crude and undigested; sketched amid scenes, but ill calculated, to support me in my opinions.- Anothcr inducement, exclusive of any sanctioned by humanity, is, that there are so many rumors afloat, and so many misstatements in the public prints, that a sacred duty to my country, demands a correct view of this tragedy. It is only since the affair appears to be settled, that I have thought seriously upon the subject. - In almost every section of our county, conversation instead of being as it was a month since, light and cheerful, is now cloathed in dismal forebodings. - Some of our citizens will leave us - and all agree, that they never again can feel safe, never again be happy. But let us examine into their apprehensions, and see if we can administer no comfort. * * * * * * I have heard many express their fears of a general insurrection, they are ignorant who believe in the possibility of such a thing. - What the relative proportion of black to white is, in the slaveholding states I know not - having no means of obtaining correct information at this time; but suppose the preponderance to be in favour of the blacks to any extent; and you cannot create causes for alarm. Is it possible for men, debased degraded as they are, ever to concert effective measures? Would the slaves alone in St. Domingo ever have attempted insurrection? I humbly apprehend not. It was the march of intellect among the free blacks, that first gave impulse to the tide, which poured its torrents throughout the Island. - Can any person entertain serious apprehensions from this portion of our population; situated as they are - without arms, without concert, what can be effected? Why nothing - and a serious attempt, will never be made while they are thus situated. * * * * * * But if any desire there was to increase this spirit among our slaves, I would advise our citizens, to permit coloured preachers to go on, as they have for several years past haranging vast crowds, when and where they pleased, the character of their sermons known only to their congregalions - Nor do I think some of our white brethren, exempt from censure, when they fill their discourses with a ranting cant about equality. - If our insurrection was known, beyond the neighborhood of its commencement - its cause must be attributed to the misguided zeal of good men, preaching up equality; and to ignorant blacks, who again retail the same doctrine, with such comments, as their heated imaginations may supply, to their respective circles of acquaintance. - For my own part, I think when a minister goes into a pulpit, flies into a passion, beats his fist, and in fine, plays the bloackhead, that he gives a warrant to any negro who hears him, to do whatever he pleases provided his imagination, can make God sanction it. - If the insurrection was general, it is fortunate, that it happened at this time, - For if it had been delayed longer the minds of the blacks would have been better prepared, the plot more extensive, and consequently the carnage much greater. But believing it highly improbable, that a serious attempt will ever be made while they remain in their present state of ignorance; satisfied that no general concert, can ever be effected, unless by the means of education; and conscious from the advantage of the whites over the blacks in moral firmness, that an attempt under any circumstances, would be futile and frivolous, I feel perfectly easy. But I would caution all missionaries, who are bettering the condition of the world, and all philanthropists, who have our interest so much at stake, not to plague themselves about our slaves but leave them exclusively to our own management. The only possible crisis, in which our slaves can ever become formidable, is in the event of civil wars. Our insurrection, general, or not, was the work of fanaticism - General Nat was no preacher, but in his immediate neighbourhood, he had acquired the character of a prophet; like a Roman Sybil, he traced his divination in characters of blood, on leaves alone in the woods; he would arrange them in some conspicuous place, have a dream telling him of the circumstance; and then send some ignorant black to bring them to him, to whom he would interpret their meaning. Thus, by means of this nature, he acquired an immense influence, over such persons as he took into his confidence. - He, likewise, pretended to have conversations with the Holy Spirit; and was assured by it, that he was invulnerable. His escape, as he laboured under that opinion, is much to be regretted. ’Tis true, that Nat has for some time, thought closely on this subject - for I have in my possession, some papers given up by his wife, under the lash - they are filled with hieroglyphical characters, conveying no definite meaning. The characters on the oldest paper, apparently appear to have been traced with blood; and on each paper, a crucifix and the sun, js distinctly visible; with the figures 6,660, 30,000, 80,000, &c. - There is likewise a piece of paper, of a late date, which, all agree, is a list of his men; if so, they were short of twenty. I have been credibly informed, that something like three years ago, Nat received a whipping from his master, for saying that the blacks ought to be free, and that they would be free one day or other. Nat in person, is not remarkable, his nose is flat, his stature rather small, and hair very thin, without any peculiarity of expression. As a proof of his shrewdness, he had acquired a great influence over his neighbourhood acquaintance, without being noticed by the whites - pretends to be acquainted with the art of making gunpowder, and likewise that of making paper. My own impression is, he has left the State - many believe him to be yet lurking in his neighbourhood. There are various rumours of his having been from home, many days at a time, preaching in Richmond, Petersburg, and Brunswick. They are however, entirely without foundation. The truth is, I have never heard of his preaching any where. He exhorted, and sung at neighborhood meetings, but no farther - To an imagination like Nat’s, worked upon for years, by pretended visions; with a mind satisfied of the possibility, of freeing himself and race from bondage; and this by supernatural means. To one thus situated, is it wonderful, that the singular appearance of the sun in August, should have tempted him to execute his purpose: particularly when its silvery surface was defaced by a black spot, which Nat interpreted into positive proof, that he would succeed in his undertaking. Nat encouraged his company on their route, by telling them, that as the black spot had passed over the sun, so would the blacks pass over the earth. Having assigned the cause of the insurrection, it becomes necessary to examine its extent. As for back, as a knowledge of this affair, can be attributed to even six or seven, upon credible testimony, is Sunday forenoon, 21st of August, and this credible testimony consists in the declaration of several negroes, supported by collateral circumstances. On Sunday forenoon, the day preceding the fatal Monday; Nat, Austin, Will, Hark, Sam, Henry, and Jack, met in an old field, near Mr. Joseph Travis’s, where they had melons, and something to eat. Nat was.observed to take them out, one at a time, and hold long conversations with them. Having developed his plans to each man some brandy was introduced, and the affair talked of together. Even then, one of the party, objected to the proposition, and denied the possibility of effecting it. Nat assured them of its practicability - saying, that their numbers would increase as they went along; and stated, that his reasons for not telling of it before, was, that the negroes had frequently attempted, similar things, confided their purpose to several, and that it always leaked out; but his resolve was, that their march of destruction and murder, should be the first news of the insurrection. In support of this momentary procedure, I would alledge the fact, that the affair was commenced without a single firelock, and without the least particle of ammunition. Killing the first family with their axes, they then obtained several guns, and some shot. If the design had been thought of for the least length of time, they certainly would have made some preparation. As another proof that it was not general, they did not make one dozen efficient recruits, along their whole route of slaughter-they certainly made many more, but instead of being of any service, most of them had to be guarded, by some two or three of the principals, furnished with guns; with orders to shoot the first man, who endeavoured to escape. Many persons have expressed their surprise, how so few could guard so many. To me it appears, that the orders to shoot down whoever attempted to escape, explains the riddle. No one would rashly make the effort, and their situations, prevented any concert for that purpose - so that some no doubt, were forced to remain in company, much longer than they wished, for want of an opportunity to escape - many who were forced away unwillingly, excited by the free use of spirits, became reconciled. But under all circumstances, something like ten; I think not more, could appropriate to themselves exclusively, the performance of every butchery. In support of my opinion, I have examined every source for authentic information. Every individual who was taken alive, has been repeatedly questioned; many of them, when their stay in this world, was exceedingly brief - and the answers of all confirm me in my belief. It is really amusing, to trace to their sources, many of the rumours, which circulate through our country; and which have fixed public opinion. Leaving out of view, the exaggerated account of the numbers first engaged; we hear of twenty-five stand of arms being found at Brandon - many more at this, that, and the other place - positive evidence of a previous knowledge of insurrection, in all the adjoining counties - Nat preaching in Petersburg, Brunswick, and Richmond - not one word of which, am I able to believe, though I have sought to have it corroborated, from every respectable source. We hear likewise, of a great black preaching near Norfolk, consisting of 500 souls: and the minister, at the close of his discourse, pursuing the plan of Mr. Campbell, calls out to all who are of his way of thinking, to hold up their right hands - all held up their hands but two. Now, all persons who can believe that an insurrection is managed in this way, have more credulity than myself - yet, one of those dissenting two, has identified a black, who was at the aforesaid preaching, and I understand the court of Nansemoud, has sentenced him to be hanged. Report says, Norfolk jail is full, upon similar evidence. What the courts will do in that quarter, with the oaths of 498, when weighed with two - I know not. On the consequences of this rebellion, petty as it is, my opinions are almost exclusively my own; and therefore, it is impolitic to mention them - but of the manner of treating it, together with other subjects, closely connected, I will presently speak. I must here pay a passing tribute to our slaves, but one which they richly deserve - it is, that there was not an instance of disaffection, in any section of our country; save on the plantations which Capt. Nat visited, and to their credit, the recruits were few, and from the chief settlement among them, not a man was obtained. - Many from the course pursued by the negroes, were heard to remark, that if they had to choose a master, it would never be a black one. Had I time, I could detail many an act of true fidelity; but I believe, though the butcheries were inhuman, there was not.a single instance of wanton torture. This view of the subject, leads me to enquire, into Capt. Nat's design. His object was freedom and indiscriminate carnage his watchward. The seizure of Jerusalem, and the massacre of its inhabitants, was, with him, a chief purpose, & seemed to be his ultimatum; for farther, he gave no clue to his design - possessed of that, he would have thought his object attained. - But a frolick captured Andre, and a frolick saved Jerusalem - Nat's object was to commence his butcheries, as soon as the inhabitants of the county were asleep, by that means allowing himself full time, to despatch the citizens on his route; and arrive at this place before day - but several of his party getting beastly drunk, at their dinner on Sunday, delayed until very late in the night his purpose - the seizure however of this place, would have had little other effect than supplying the band with arms, and ammunition. I must here advert to a trifling incident, to show how hellish was their purpose. With a scarcity of powder, they made many of their recruits, mix it with their brandy; thinking thereby, to excite them more highly. But before their progess was arrested, the practice of drinking had been entirely suppressed. On Sunday night, the 21st of August, the party mentioned at the dinner, assembled at Mr. Travis’ kitchen, and about one or two o’clock, having recovered from their debauch, thay commenced their hellish purpose,by applying a ladder to the window, entering it and unbarring the doors. Nat and Hark have the credit of performing the first act. No member of this family ever awoke from their slumhers. With a broad-axe were they all dispatched; and one blow seems to have sufficed for two little boys, who were sleeping so close, that the same stroke nearly severed each neck. Five were murdered at this house; several never changed their positions; but a little infant with its head cut off, was forced to exchange its cradle for the fire-place - Here were obtained several guns, which were deliberately cleaned and loaded; the horses on the plantation saddled, and their career commenced. Proceeding in a zigzag course, they visited every house on their way to Captain Newit Harris’; and no soul escaped them through clemency. In this part of their route, they numbered with the dead a methodist, who had preached, where several of them were present the day before. A division was there effected, for the purpose of extending their devastations, but they soon again united. The last house they visited, before reaching Capt. Harris’, was Mr. John T. Barrow’s, who although apprised of their intention, could not get away sufficiently soon - overpowered by numbers, he resisted manfully, and the savages who butchered him, paid a tribute to his memory, by repeatedly saying "there were no more Tom Barrows to contend with." His wife miraculously escaped, but witnessed the deadly struggle. Arriving at Captain Harris’, the family, having just escaped, with their numbers increased, they plundered the house, and set off directly for Jerusalem. It was just before they reached the last mentioned house, that I, with a party of volunteers, fell in their route - and persuing them, we found the blood hardly congealed, in the houses they had left. Within two and a half or three miles of Jerusalem, their progress was arrested - and though pursued the whole night, fortune seemed to sport with us, by bringing us nearer together, and yet, making us pursue separate routes. The families, however, throughout the county, were then placed upon their guard, and no more murders committed. Their last effort at plunder and murder, was made in their attack on Dr. Saml. Blunt’s house, where they met with a reception worthy of the gallant little force that gave it. It would be here unjust, not to advert to the determined firmness of Mr. D. W. Fitzhugh, the leader I believe of the little band. And here another circumstance corroborated in a slight degree, my opinion that the insurrection was not general - the slaves of Dr. Blunt, many in number, joined heart and hand in defence of their master. The force of the band was there much broken by desertion; and on that, and the following day, most of them were shot. In retracing on Tuesday morning the route pursued by the banditti, consisting of a distance of 20 miles, my imagination was struck with more horror, than the most dreadful carnage in a field of battle could have produced. The massacre before me, being principally of helpless women and children. At Levi Waller's the spectacle was truly touching; there, for the first time, I saw at one of those fated houses, a living white soul; and this consisted of a little girl about 12 years of age, looking with an agonized countenance, in a heap of dead bodies lying before her; nine of them women and children; her sister, among the number. She gave me a minute account of the tragedy there acted, having witnessed it from her place of concealmeat. Congratulating her on having escaped, she said with much simplicity, "that she knew the Lord protected her." I was more affected, and there appeared to my mind, more true .religion in that simple remark, from a child, than I have heard a preacher utter in raving an hour. In visiting each house, the mind became sick, and its sensibilities destroyed. Not a single rumor of mercy was heard to break in upon the fiend-like track of those wretches. The slaves through fear having gone to the woods, the houses seemed tenanted only by the dead. The gait the negroes travelled, served to strike additional horror. For they never rode at less than full speed; and as their horses became tired, they pressed fresh ones. Billy Artis, against whose name there seems a prescription, was conspicuous among the insurgents; when pressed into service, he wept like a child, but having once tasted blood, he was like a wolf let into the fold. Tortured by his conscience, and too proud to surrender, he was his own destroyer. In future years, the bloody road, will give rise to many a sorrowful legend; and the trampling of hoofs, in fancy, visit many an excited imagination. Below is a correct list of the whites who have been murdered: Joseph Travis, wife and three children; Mrs. Elizabeth Turner, Hartwell Peebles and Sarah Newsome; Mrs. Piety Reese and son William; Trajan Doyal; Henry Bryant, wife, child and wife’s mother; Mrs. Catharine Whitehead, son Richard, four daughters, and grand child; Salatheil Francis; Nathaniel Francis’s overseer, and two children; John T. Barrow, and George W. Vaughan; Mrs. Levi Waller and ten children; Wm. Williams, wife and two boys; Mrs. Caswell Worrell and child; Mrs. Rebecca Vaughan, son Arthur, and niece Ann E. Vaughan; Mrs. John R. Williams and child; Mrs, Jacob Williams, and three children; and Edwin Drury, amounting to fifty-five. I have now hurried through my promised narrative, and feel relieved at quitting so gloomy a subject, but must trespass yet a few moments longer on the patience of the reader. Rumors have no doubt gone abroad, relative to the number of blacks killed; a few remarks on this head, will not then, be deemed improper. From the best evidence which I have been able to obtain, likewise from what I actually saw, the number 40 will include every insurgent who was with them for the least time, throughout their whole route. The fact of their being mounted, and their irregular mode of riding, caused their number to appear much greater than it really was. Our Court has manifested great clemency in listening with unwearied patience to the examination of a multitude of witnesses, and to long and elaborate arguments of counsel. And their judgments reflect credit upon our county, when it is remarked, that there is not an individual who disapproves of one of their convictions. They have condemned to death one and twenty persons. Thirteen have been executed, a commutation of punishment in several cases recommended, and there are something like five and twenty prisoners yet to be tried. A commutation in several cases I have warmly supported, and here add my approbation of the course pursued by the court when the testimony seemed to call for it. Those who have been condemned to death and those actually shot, exceed the number attributed to the insurgents. It follows then, as a necessary consequence, that several innocent persons must have suffered. For those who have been bereft of their relations, by this unfortunate occurrence, many allowances are to be made: but to another class, who have not even this plea for shedding the blood of the innocent, should not the violated laws of their country call them to a settlement? They must bear in mind that the matter has one day to be adjudicated before an impartial judge. Scarcely a mail arrives that does not bring some account of an isolated conviction for insurrection in remote counties - thus Spottsylyania, Nansemond, Prince George, &c. Should the views here taken by me, prove that the insurrection was not a general one, and thereby save the life of a human bring. I shall be more than compensated for the time consumed, together with the odium called down upon me, by the expression of my opinions. In remote counties, I cannot conceive how an isolated conviction can take place for insurrection, unless the Court believe the prisoner to have had some knowledge of the affair here. I have no doubt but that many superstitious remarks made by the slaves, on the consequences of the singular appearance of the sun, unconnected in their minds with any other subject, have been construed into a knowledge of insurrection. Likewise, if mere declarations made by slaves, relative to what they would do if Captain Nat came that way, the insurrection, being at that time suppressed, Nat's party dispersed, and most of them shot, are to be construed into evidences of guilt, there can be no end to convictions. The excitement having now subsided, which induced many to think wrong, and prevented many who thought right from stemming the tide, it becomes us as men to return to our duty. Without manifesting a fear of the blacks, by keeping a stationed armed force in any section of our country, let us adopt a more efficient plan, by keeping up for some time, a regular patrol, always under the command of a discreet person, who will not by indiscriminate punishment, goad these miserable wretches into a state of desperation. ... Richmond Whig Monday Evening, Sept. 26. [dingbat] The Sickness of some of the hands in our Office, has delayed this Evening’s, publication and abridged the matter we had intended to publish. We publish to-day, a detailed account of the late insurrection in Southampton, kindly furnished us by a gentleman well conversant with the scenes he describes, and fully competent, from the sources of information he possesses, to arrive at a correct conclusion, up to the causes which prompted the ringleader, and the end he had in view. The writer’s speculations are therefore, deserving serious consideration, and we are very much inclined to concur with him in the opinion, that it was a sudden and unprepared outbreak of fanaticism and subtle craft, wholly unconnected with any concert in neighbouring counties. We expressed our belief, of the contrary, when we heard the other day of the reported atrocious murders in North Carolina, but upon more mature reflection, we are now convinced, that we founded our opinions then, too hastily, upon the exaggerated account before us, and which we did not suppose could receive so general a belief, and so apparently an authentic shape, without a foundation in truth. We owe the writer an apology, for the liberty we have taken, in abridging his remarks. Necessity compelled us to do so, or want of room, would have entirely excluded him. We have, however, taken care to omit no facts, related by him, and of these, the reader will find many new, and throwing much light on the shocking occurrence. Vol. 6, No. 73, 27 September 1831 p. 2, col. 5-6 To the Editors the Whig. Preston County, Sept. 21st, 1831. Messrs. Editors - The Southampton rupture should call into active operation, all our energies, to put a final stop to an evil, progressive in its growth, and ruinous in its effects. No one thinks the negroes could ultimately triumph over us. But on what part of the State their vengeance might fall, is unknown. One life is as dear to the loser, as all the rest, and one would be as unwilling to offer himself a martyr to their vengeance, as Junius was his name to the British Ministry. The disease is not beyond a remedy. E’er long, our public debt will be paid off. With the present tariff, an immense amount of monies must be in the treasury. Would it not be a national benefit, to remove an evil obnoxious to us? The monies that have been appropriated to the improvement of the North, and West, should justify me in the belief, that their delegation in Congress, would assist us in removing the negroes to Liberia, or at least, beyond the limits of the U. S. A. Let a price be fixed, say the same that was fixed by the commissioners, on the recovery of the money from the British, for negros taken in the last war. Let each slave-holding State, at the end of each session of its legislature, appropriate the funds remaining in the treasury, to that object, and with the assistance of Congress, in a few years, there would be no slaves in the U. S. A. It is clear, obviously clear, to see, that the monies arising from the disposal of the slaves, would yield a neater profit, and with less trouble, than from the slaves. Those large farms that are now occupied in supporting hundreds of slaves, frequently ruining their masters, would be tenanted by industrious farmers. The arts and sciences that are now decaying, would naturally flourish. The energies of the mind, that are now dormant, would become invigorated; and the influence of a southern sun, would be no impediment to the rapid growth that would be taken. To every thing, new life would be given. Need I even call your attention to the western part of this State, to prove slavery is the cause from whence arises all the discontent of the South? Remove the cause, and the evil will cease. A front solid as adamant would be raised. The North and South would no longer be arrayed one against the other. A union would he formed, which would defy the attack of all Christendom arrayed against us, and which she would be unable to corrupt. A circulating medium would be established, and confidence and prosperity restored to the Union. A. E. O. [...] We learn from a gentleman, a resident of Dover, Delaware, who is now in this city, that a few days since, a conspiracy was discovered to have been formed among the blacks in the county of Sussex, Del. with the object of revolting and rising against the whites. The day of election was fixed upon as that on which the attempt should be made. Fortunately, however, the plot was discovered, and 24 of the prominent participators in it, were arrested and are now in the prison of Sussex county. Apprehensions were also entertained fertile quiet of Kent county, in the vicinity of Dover. Patrols walk the streets nightly to prevent surprise, and many of the inhabitants continue in a state of much excitement and alarm. - Phil. Enq. Attempted Insurrection in Delaware! - We learn from the Delaware Star, of the 21st inst. that several blacks have been imprisoned in Georgetown, in that state, on suspicion of being engaged in a plot to rise on the inhabitants of Sussex county. The first Tuesday in October was appointed for th commencement of their diabolical work. Elkton Press. Vol. 6, No. 76, 30 September 1831 p. 2, col. 6 DIED, Yesterday evening, at his residence on Richmond Hill, Mr. Samuel Garthwright, Jr. in the 36th of his age. In the county of Surry, Va. on Friday the 23d of September, Mrs. Sarah Cryer, aged about 50, of a severe but short attack of bilious fever, which she bore with Christian fortitude. Jesus can make a dying bed Soft as downy pillows are, While on his breast I lean my head And breathe my life out sweetly there. Vol. 6, No. 77, 1 October 1831 p. 3, col. 1 DIED, Yesterday evening, in the 11th year of her age, Lucy Hardiman, second daughter of Col. Thomas and Lucy Stith Burton. In Sussex county, on Friday, the 16th Sept. Sally Henry Rebecca, only daughter of Crosher Graves, after a severe illness of two and a half days. This interesting little girl, had just entered her 5th year, and her amiable disposition rendered her the dearest of earthly objects to her father - for her age she was one of the most affectionate and obliging children. But three days before her death she was in the full enjoyment of health, and bid fair to become the admiration of all who might have the happiness of being acquainted with her, but the withering hand of death has alas come too soon; in the bloom of youth the plant has been nipped, and one of the fairest and most promising flowers has sunk in an to untimely grave. Yes, in yonder cold grave, now lies the object of a fond and affectionate father and many relatives. Then let him dry his tears and weep no more, Since she is happier than she was before; To him she was only lent-not given, And he has now a partial friend in Heaven. Vol. 6, No. 78, 3 October 1831 p. 2, col. 4 We learn from a gentleman, who left Southampton last Friday, that he had heard nothing of Nat’s apprehension. The account published in the Norfolk Herald of Friday last, we infer is not true. - The following from the Compiler of this morning, is more probable. There is another report which reached us yesterday morning from a very different quarter. It comes in the shape of a letter from Botetourt county, written on Thursday last, stating, that on the 22d a negro was hailed by two young hunters, armed with rifles, a little beyond Price’s Tavern - the fellow had a dirk, which he refused to deliver, and while discussing the matter, he suddenly threw off his coat and darted into the woods. - They fired, but he escaped. On examining the pack which he had thrown off with his coat, they found in it a hymn book with Nat Turner’s name written in it. The next day the description of his person, as given in the Governor’s Proclamation, reached Fincastle, and it was said to correspond. This letter is from a respectable gentleman of Botetourt county - but there is still some doubt about the identity of the runaway. ___________ There has been a great deal of discussion lately in the papers, relative to a seditious paper, published in Boston, called the Liberator. We have not noticed the publication, because we believe such notice would tend to give it a consequence it little merits. Vol. 6, No. 80, 5 October 1831 p. 2, col. 6 STOP HIM! General Nat, in Botetourt. Fincastle, Sept. 30. - A negro man, now very generally supposed to be no other than the notorious "Nat Turner," lately passed through this place and by the Sweet Springs. He was stopped on the high road, near Prices, in this county, on Saturday last, by two young men who were working on the road. These young men believing him to be only a runaway, stopped and were in the act of searching him, when he unfortunately made his escapse. They had already deprived him of a large knife which he carried in his bosom, and desired him to take off the knapsack which he had on his back, in order that they might proceed to a more rigorous search, when the fellow throwing off both it and his coat, took to his heels and has since eluded all pursuit. Both the young men having guns, discharged them after him, but without effect. Their object being not to kill, but to wound him in the legs, they missed him altogether. On searching the knapsack, some ammunition was found, which induces the belief that he was armed. It also contained a Hymn or Prayer Book in which is written the name, "Zephenira Turner , Richmond." The cut of the coat which he left behind is the same generally worn by itinerant preachers, and has a roundbreast. As little doubt can be entertained that this fellow is the same person described in the Governor’s Proclamation, we hope the people will we all vigilance in pursuit of him. He is probably still lurking in the mountains, and endeavouring to get to Ohio. We would not be understood as attaching neglect of duty to any person when we remark, that it is to be regretted a description of this fellow was not sooner published. If that had been done, he would, in all probability, have been arrested before this time.-[Patriot. Vol. 6, No. 81, 6 October 1831 p. 2, col. 5 We learn that the Colonization Society has just completed arrangements for sending to Liberia this fall an additional number of two hundred free blacks from the county of Southampton. The Commonwealth ought to send off at least two thousand every year. A drain like that would soon put a stop to insurrections and rumors of insurrections. Vol. 6, No. 86, 12 October 1831 p. 2, col. 4 Richmond Whig Wednesday Evening, Oct. 12. With a pleasure never exceeded in any act of our Editorial labours, we comply with the request of the Lynchburg Virginian, in publishing the following petition. We most earnestly call public attention to the subject, and trust that the call will be responded to, by every section of the State. A simultaneous movement will speedily effect, and at a small expense comparatively, the removal of a canker on the body politic, which now threatens to eat to the core. We consider it of such vital consequence, that in comparison, all other political questions sink into utter insignificance. Printed copies of the petition, can be had at our office, and we hope that zeal will not be wanted in and procuring subscriptions. From the Lynchburg Virginian. FREE NEGROES. The subjoined Memorial to the Lcgisluture, which will shortly be circulated in this county, for signatures, sufficently explains itself, without any observation from us. - It is published, in the hope that the people of other counties, may be induced to unite with us, in the object proposed to be advanced by it. We invite the aid and co-operation of our brethren of the press, by giving it a place in their respective papers. To the General Assembly of Virginia. The undersigned, citizens of the county of _____ invite the attention of your honorable body to a subject deemed by them of primary importance to their present welfare and future security. The mistaken humanity of the people of Virginia, and of your predecessors, has permitted to remain in this Commonwealth a clas of persons who are neither freemen nor slaves - The mark set on them by Nature precludes their enjoyment, in this country, of the privileges of the former; and the laws of the land do not allow them to be reduced to the condition of the latter. Hence they are, of necessity, degraded, profligate, vicious, turbulent and discontented. More frequently than whites (probably in tenfold proportion) sustained by the charitable provisions of our poor laws, they are altogether a burden on the community. Pursuing no course of regular business, and negligent of every thing like economy and husbandry, they are, as a part of the community, supported by the productive industry of others. But their residence among us is yet more objectionable on other accounts. It is incompatible with the tranquillity of society; their apparent exemption from want and care and servitude to business, excites impracticable hopes in the minds of those who are even more ignorant and unreflecting - and their locomotive habits fit them for a dangerous agency in schemes, wild and visionary, but disquieting and annoying. We would not be cruel or unchristian - but we must take care of the interests and morals of society, and of the peace of mind of the helpless in our families. It is indispensable to the happiness of the latter, that this cause of apprehension be removed. And efforts to this end are, we firmly believe sanctioned by enlightened humanity towards the ill-fated class to whom we allude. They can never have the respect and intercourse here which are essential to rational happiness, and social enjoyment and improvement. But in other lands they may become an orderly, sober, industrious, moral, enlightened and Christian community; and be the happy instruments of planting and diffusing those blessings over a barbarous and benighted continent. Your petitioners will not designate a plan of Legislative operation - they leave to the wisdom and provident forecast of the General Assembly, the conception, adoption and prosecution of the best practicable scheme - but they would and earnestly ask that the action of the laws passed to this effect be decisive, and the means energetic - such as shall, with as much speed as may be, free our country from this bane of its prosperity, morality and peace. [col. 6] The reported insurrectionary movements among the blacks on the Eastern Shore of this State, appear to have little or no foundation in truth. We saw yesterday a letter from a highly respectable gentleman of Easton, under date of Friday evening last, in which mention is made of these reports, for the purpose of showing they are grossly exagerated. - [Balt. American. A letter from Talbot county states, that it has been fully ascertained there is no cause for alarm and that the report about the negroes has grown out of some having been seen in the woods shooting at squirrels, birds, and other game. - [Patriot. Vol. 6, No. 88, 14 October 1831 p. 2, col. 4-5 Richmond Whig Friday Evening, Oct. 14. As a matter of great importance, we readily give place to the following communication and memorial. Whether more would not likely be done by confining our views at present to the removal of the free blacks, is a question which must be left to the discretion of the movers in this memorial, and a judicious public. To the Editors of the Whig. Having seen in your paper of yesterday, a form of petition, relative to a part of our coloured population, I hand you another, similar in its object, but more comprehensive, which I understand was penned at the instance of several influential gentlemen of a neighboring county, and was since printed under the belief that it would be adopted in other counties. I would observe, however, that in offering a form, it is not intended to dictate to others, nor is it expected to exhibit a uniformity of opinion that can hardly he supposed to exist; the instrument is valuable for its facts, and its arguments and proposals may be either adopted or improved to suit the views of all who are disposed to unite in such pretensions. The importance of the subject to all, will supercede the necessity of urging immediate attention, and that what is to be done, be done without delay. O. P. Q. To the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia, the Memorial of the undesigned citizens of the County of most respectfully showeth: Free and unrestrained by regulations or shackles, as the right of the citizens of this Commonwealth to ask redress for supposed grievances at the hands of the General Assembly, has ever been considered, there has at all times existed among us, a circumspection in the exercise of this right, which has tended greatly to preserve the peace and harmony of the community. It is from no reckless disregard to this consideration, that we now approach you, on a subject of the liveliest, and deepest interest to the future happiness and quiet of this State, as well as one of the most delicate nature. An evil has existed among us from almost the first settlement of the Commonwealth, of the heaviest and most serious character. It has grown with us, and in every moment of our advance, it has more than kept pace with us, until at last the alarming truth bursts from every lip; that if we wish peace and happiness, quiet and prosperity, the fatal, paralizing, destroying mischief, must be removed. Who requires to be informed to what we refer? Do not all know it is the existing curse of slavery to which we allude? This is not the proper time or place for speaking abstractly on this serious subject. We are done with the past and should only look to and provide for the future. How or by whose means this heavy and alarming evil, has been brought on the country, may engage the philanthropists, or fill the pages of the historian; it is for us to consider the character and extent of the evil, and to apply the most salutary, peaceful, just and efficacious means for its removal. For this object we approach you as the lawgivers of the land, with no moral or constitutional restrictions on your powers in the accomplishment of this great and holy purpose; a purpose which when attained will be a blessing of forever continuing effect on our own country and the unhappy and degraded race of Africans, whose presence deforms our land. Great, glorious and enduring will such a work be, and he who shall devise and have the fortitude and constancy to execute a system for its accomplishment, will forever live as the first and most signal benefactor of his country. Should the Legislature require any facts or arguments to convince them of the imperious necessity for taking some decided measures on this subject, we most respectfully submit to them the following, as deserving particular consideration. We affirm, that for the last forty years the black population, including therein free negroes and mulattoes has been gradually but surely increasing in that part of the State east of the base of the Blue Ridge of mountains, in a greater ratio than the white population in the same district of the State. We affirm that from being in 1790 a minority in this district, in 1830, the black population considerably outnumbered the whites, and to sustain this assertion we submit the following facts: By the census of 1790, there were whites: East of the Blue Ridge, 314,523 There were of blacks, 289,425 Majority of whites, 25,098 In 1800, there were blacks, 339,393 There were whites, 336,389 Majority of blacks, 3,004 In 1810, there were blacks, 386,942 There were whites, 338,553 Majority of blacks, 48,389 In 1820, there were blacks, 413,928 There were whites, 348,873 Majority of blacks, 65,055 In 1830, there were blacks, 457,013 There were whites, 375,935 Majority of blacks, 81,078 From these statements taken from the Census made out at each of the periods above referred to, it appears, that the white population, with a majority of 25,098 in 1790, has been in ten years thereafter overtaken by the blacks, who at the end of that period exceeded the whites 3,004, and who now exceed them in number 81,078. It is farther made manifest that From 1790 to 1800, the blacks increased, 49,968 the whites increased, 21,866 Gain of the blacks in the first period, 28,102 From 1800 to 1810, the blacks increased, 47,549 the whites increased, 2,164 Gain of the blacks in second period, 45,385 From 1810 to 1820, the blacks increased, 26,986 the whites increased, 10,320 Gain of the blacks in third period, 16,666 From 1820 to 1830, the blacks increased, 43,085 the whites increased, 27,062 Gain of the blacks in fourth period, 16,023 Thus the gain of the blacks was in 1st period, 28,102 in second period, 45,885 in third period, 16,666 in the fourth period, 16,028 Total gain of blacks on the white population for 40 last years, 106,176 Your memorialists forbear to anticipate in detail the future relative population between the whites and the blacks in this region of Virginia. It may be safely asserted, however, that the end of the next forty years will find a difference much, very much greater in number in favor of the blacks. This anticipation is already inducing many of our most industrious and enterprising people to seek new homes in distant and stranger States, where they and their children may be exempt from those dangers and difficulties with which they are unfortunately beset in their native land, while others are making rapid preparations to follow their example, unless some hope of relief is held out to them. We are conscious, yes deeply conscious of the many difficulties that surrond this subject. But we dare hope that a patriot people and an enlightened Legislature may greatly diminish them. There is a deep and pervading feeling among us on this subject, which we trust may in some degree forward your efforts. We know that there are many of our people who would voluntarily surrender now, or at a short time, all of this property owned by them, to the Commonwealth, provided means were dedicated for their removal and comfortable maintenance out of the limits of the U. States, for a reasonable period. These voluntary offsprings [sic] for the public good, would in a short time dimish considerably the number, and excite a well founded expectation of the total cradiction ot the evil. To these individual contributions, should be added an adequate and appropriate application of the public means for the removal of others from the Commonwealth. The public and individuals thus acting in concert, much would be effected at no distant day. To many, such a plan, we are fully apprized would be objectionable on the ground of the inadequacy of the means of the State to attain the object. To such it may be well answered, what stay to this impending and horrible evil do you propose? Will you wait until the land shall be deluged in blood, and look alone to the fatal catastrophe, of the extinction of the black race by force us the only remedy, or rather will you begin the great and good work by kind, gentle, gradual, and sure means? Let us count the cost and see at once what we are to expend of our means, to effect this high purpose. In the last forty years, the actual increase of the blacks has been 167,588, being at the rate of 4,189 per annum. An indiscriminate removal of this annual increase, would in the course of thirty years, so diminish the evil, that thereafter, by a removal of one half of this number, for thirty years more, an almost entire destruction of the mischief would be effected. Your memorialists do not, however anticipate such rapid and happy measures. Let but the Commonwealth raise by a tax on the blacks, free as well as slaves, a reasonable sum, sufficient to defray the expense of the removal and maintenance for a time, of such as individuals may voluntarily surrender to the State, and for the purchase of a few hundred annually, of the young and healthy of both sexes, and for their removal & maintenance in like manner, and we do not doubt the most happy and salutary effects from such a beginning, and a final and full triumph over all difficulties. But these measures, your memorialists confidently believe should be accompanied by some others. The first should be, the total prohibition of emancipation by individuals, but upon condition of removal out of the State. The second should, be the immediate classification of the free blacks, and requiring at stated periods, their removal; and where they are not possessed of adequate means to defray the expense of emigration, the same should be paid by the public. Such measures as these promptly adopted, and faithfully and energetically executed, would save to this Commonwealth many of her best people, and much of her fair domain, from waste and abandonment. Your memorialists are slave holders; this is the country of their birth, and attached to it by every tie which can bind a people to their native land, and that of their ancestors, they have every thing of interest or of feeling at stake in this appeal to you. Humanity must weep over a continuance of our present condition, while patriotism, self-interest, and our own happiness, and that of our offspring, call equally strong for the application of some remedy to remove this appalling and increasing evil. Relying with the most ample confidence on the wisdom, patriotism, and known discretion and elevated spirit of the General Assembly, we most earnestly entreat its attention to the subject of this memorial, and that it would adopt such measures in relation thereto, as may seem best calculated to advance the happiness, the greatness and peace of the State. Vol. 6, No. 90, 17 October 1831 p. 2, col. 5 The Governor has politely furnished us with a copy of the following letter. Lewisburg, October 11. Dear Sir: I have received information [to me] so convincing of the fact that Nat Turner has been drowned in attempting to cross New River, and believing it will be some satisfaction to the public to know that the wretch has been punished by the justice of the Deity for his offence, I think it proper to communicate the circumstances to you. It appears that, after escaping from the two hunters on Price’s Mountain, he was routed at the Gap Mills in Monroe, and seen by several persons between that and Bower’s Ferry, where he called on the 25th ult. to get over the river. Mr. Bibb, the ferryman, demanded his pass and asked him some questions, at which he broke and took up the river. Some nine or ten days after a drowned person was seen floating by the Ferry. Mr. Bibb and some of his neighbors followed, and got him out some six or eight miles below. He had in his pockets and about him a large knife, [Spanish] dirk, pistol, ana something like a diamond. Mr. Bibb recognizcd this person to be the same, who called to cross the river - and all with whom I have conversed agree, that if it were Nat Turner who was seen on Price’s mountain, it was he who has been drowned; and that he suits the description given in your Excellency’s Proclamation in every particular, except the knot on his arm, which was not examined. Very respecfully, your most obedient sevant, GEORGE ALDERSON. To the Governor of Virginia. Vol. 6, No. 98, 26 October 1831 p. 3, col. 1 From the Albion. We are requested by a correspondent at Richmond, in Virginia, to give insertion to the following: "Anecdote of Capt. Harrison of the Richmond Light Dragoons. - Upon the occasion of the late insurrection of the Negroes, in Southampton county, Virginia, the Dragoons marched to Jerusalem, the Capitol, where the Court House was assigned them for their quarters; into which, on the second evening after their arrival, several kegs of gunpowder were rolled, and in the act, the heads came out of one or two of them. In the house during the night, a candle was kept constantly burning, and several officers who slept in the rooms above, were frequently in the habit of passing with lighted candles and segars through the door, behind which the powder lay. Under these circumstances the Orderly Sergeant applied to the Captain, saying that some of the men felt reluctant at the idea of sleeping in a powder magazine; and asked for orders. Place a guard at the door, (was the reply) whose duty it shall be to sec that neither lighted candle or segar enters that way. I have already done, so, said the orderly: but a thunder storm may arise sir: the lightning may strike the building and ignite the powder, and blow up the men. Aye, so indeed it might; well, then, sir, take Franklin, (there was a man of that name in the company) station him upon the top of the chimney, with.orders to see that no lightning comes in contact with the powder. I believe that this was the only order of the Captain that was intentionally disobeyed. Pockeinghorne." Vol. 6, No. 100, 28 October 1831 p. 2, col. 3 From Sussex. - We have been informed by a gentleman from Sussex county, that on Thursday, the 20th inst. as the Jailor entered the room of the prison in which the negroes condemned for being concerned in the late insurrection, were confined, for the purpose of giving them their meals, they knocked him down, and rushed out of the room. There being but a small guard on duty at the time, one of the villains was enabled to make his escape - one was killed by the guard, and another severely wounded - the remainder were secured without injury. On Friday four of them were hung in pursuance of the previous sentance [sic] of the Court. Pet. Int. Vol. 6, No. 102, 31 October 1831 p. 2, col 5 Emigrations to Liberia. - The Norfolk Beacon states that the Agent of the American Colonization Society at that place, [Mr. John M’Phail,] has chartered the fine ship James Perkins, Capt. Crowell, burthen 385 tons, for the conveyance of Emigrants to the American Colony at Monrovia. She is a first rate vessel, and will accommodate 300 passengers. There is still room we understand for thirty emigrants more. Another ship will sail in about a month. Vol. 6, No. 103, 1 November 1831 p. 2, col. 4 Extract of a letter to the Editors, dated, Jerusalem, (Southampton,) Oct. 29th - "Nat was shot at by Nathan Francis, with a pistol, within fifteen yards, as he was emerging from a fodder stack. Francis says he fell on his knees, but recovered and made his escape." Vol. 6, No. 104, 2 November 1831 p. 2, col. 5 P. S. of a letter to the Editors, dated Hick’s Ford, Greensville, Va. - "Gen. Nat is taken, this is the truth, and ere this is in Southampton jail." We learn other letters are in town of similar import, and we have little doubt of the truth of the statement. Vol. 6, No. 105, 3 November 1831 p. 3, col. 1 A letter from Sussex county, dated October 31 was received by Gov. Floyd, by last night’s mail. To the politeness of the Governor we are indebted for the following copy : "Perhaps this will reach you before any other intelligence of the capture of Gen. Nat Turner; and as you have had so many accounts of his being taken in different places, you may yet be disposed to doubt; notwithstanding, he was taken yesterday, by Benjamin Phipps, in the county of Southampton, in a cave within a few miles of where the principal part of the depredations were committed, and was this day seen by Mr. Littleton Barker in confinement, and in the presence, as Barker supsed, of nearly one hundred persons, who had collected for the purpose of gratifying their curiosity. I forbear to say more, as the whole of the particulars will reach you in a few days." This letter, it will be noted, is dated the same day as the one we published yesterday, addressed to us from Greensville county. These accounts, from various quarters, and highly respectable sources, leave no doubt of their truth. Vol. 6, No. 106, 4 November 1831 p. 2, col. 5 Richmond Whig Friday Evening, Nov. 4. From the Petersburg Intelligencer of this Morning. CAPTURE OF NAT TURNER. It is with much gratification we inform the public, that the sole contriver and leader of the late insurrection in Southampton - concerning whom such a hue and cry has been kept up for months, and so many false reports circulated - the murderer Nat Turner, has at last been taken and safely lodged in prison. It appears that on Sunday morning last, Mr. Phipps, having his gun, and going over the lands of Mr. Francis, (one of the first victims of the hellish crew) came to a place where a number of pines had been cut down, and perceiving a slight motion among them, cautiously approached, and when within a few yards, discovered the villain who had so long eluded pursuit, endeavoring to ensconce himself in a kind of cave, the mouth of which was concealed with brush. Mr. P. raised his gun to fire; but Nat hailed him and offered to surrender. Mr. P. ordered him to give up his arms; Nat then threw away an old sword, which it seems was the only weapon he had. The prisoner, as his captor came up, submissively laid himself on the ground, and was thus securely tied - not making the least resistance! Mr. P. took Nat to his own residence, where he kept him until Monday morning - and having apprised his neighbors of his success, a considerable party accompanied him and his prisoner to Jerusalem, where after a brief examination, the culprit was committed to jail. Our informant (one of our own citizens, who happened to be in the county at the time,) awards much praise to the People of Southampton for their forbearance on this occasion. He says that not the least personal violence was offered to Nat - who seemed, indeed, one of the most miserable objects he ever beheld - dejected, emaciated and ragged. The poor wretch, we learn, admits all that has boon alleged against him - says that he has at no time been five miles from the scene of his atrocities; and that he has frequently wished to give himself up, but could never summon sufficient resolution! Mr. Phipps, as the sole captor of Nat; is alone entitled to the several rewards (amounting in the aggregate, as we understand, to about $1,100,) offered by the Commonwealth and different gentlemen, for his apprehension: and we are told, that in this instance Fortune has favored a very deserving individual-to whom, in addition to the pleasure arising from the recollection of the deed, the money derived from it will not be unacceptable. In addition to the account we publish from the Petersburg Intelligencer, we find a corroboration in the Norfolk Herald and Beacon. They both give the same account that we published a few days ago, that Nat was seen coming from a fodder stack, and shot at by Mr. Francis, but made his escape. The hue and cry was raised, and he was found by Mr. Phipps, as before stated. The Kanawha Banner has a long and minute account of the negro, supposed to be Nat Turner, who was drowned in New River, from a late examination of the body, clothing, &c. by Gen. Daniel Smith, of that county. The certainty of the apprehension of Nat deprives it of all interest. ___________ By last night’s mail, we received the following letters from gentlemen in Southampton, which place the apprehension of Nat Turner beyond controversy: "Jerusalem, Nov. 1st, 1831. "I take the earliest opportunity of informing you that Nat Turner, the leader of the late insurrection, in Southampton, was apprehended on Sunday last, by Mr. Benjamin Phipps, and is now in the jail of this county. His trial will be on Saturday next.- He is making a full confession of the motives which prompted, and the means by which he carried his plans into operation to Thomas R. Gray, who is taking them down and will shortly publish them for the satisfaction of the public." ___________ "Southampton Co. Va. Oct. 31, 1831. "It is with great pleasure I announce to you the apprehension of the negro Nat Turner. You may be assured there is no mistake in this. I have lived near him for years, I know him well, and had the gratification of seeing him yesterday carried from house to house in the neighborhood, where the females, who made such narrow, escapes from him and his gang, expressed a curiosity to see him. - We have been convinced for several weeks that he was still amongst us. On last Thursday Mr. Nat. Francis (brother to Mrs. Travis, who was Nat’s mistress,) was riding through his fields examining the condition of his fodder stacks, when, to his astonishment, Nat stepped out from between two of the stacks, which stood almost touching each other, with a smiling countenance, & without shewing any hostile intention. Mr. F. immediately drew a pistol, when Nat drew his sword, the only weapon he had Mr. Frances fired, but without effect; (we found after taking him that the load passed through his hat.) Nat ran off, carrying with him a ham of bacon, and leaving another together with some sweet potatoes and his shoes in the den, which was very ingeniously contrived. By drawing out fodder from the bottom of both stacks, he lay with his head under one, and his feet under the other. Since that time the exertions of the neighborhood have been unremitting. Nothing of importance was discovered until yesterday, when Mr. Ben. Phipps discovered some brush wood collected in a manner to excite suspicion; on removing it he found the opening of a newly dug cave, in which the Captain was concealed. Mr. Phipps called for assistance, but none o£ the company were within hearing. Nat told him he would give up, and by Mr. Phipp’s order, handed out his sword and crawled out, when he was taken in custody and held till some of the company came up and assisted in securing him. The firing and rejoicing was so great, as very soon to collect a large concourse of people from the surrounding country, who joined in the general expression of joy. Mr. Phipps is a worthy man, though in indigent circumstances: the reward offered, which no doubt is wholly his own, could not have fallen into more deserving hands. Nat seems very humble; willing to answer any questions, indeed quite communicative, and I am disposed to think tells the truth. I heard him speak more than an hour. He readily avowed his motive; confessed that he was the prime instigator of the plot, that he alone opened his master’s doors and struck his master the first blow with a hatchet. He clearly verified the accounts which have been given of him. He is a shrewd, intelligent fellow; he insists strongly upon the revelations which he received, as he understood them, urging him on, and. pointing to this enterprize: he had taken up the impression, that he could change the aspect of the weather, and produce a drought or a rain, by the efficacy of prayer; that ho was in particular favor with Heaven, and that he had often mentioned it to his few associates, that he knew he should come to some great, or some very bad end - His account of the plot exactly corresponds with that of the other leading men who were apprehended. He denies that any, except himself and five or six others, knew any thing of it. He also says that a day in July was fixed upon, but that when the time arrived they dreaded to commence it. He seems, even now, to labor under as perfect a state of fanatical delusion as ever wretched man suffered. He does not hesitate to say, that even now he thinks he was right, but admits he may possibly have been deceived. Nevertheless, he seems of the opinion, that if his time were to go over again, he must necessarily act in the same way. He denies ever having been out of the county since the insurrection, and says that he intended to lie by till better times arrived." Vol. 6, No. 109, 8 November 1831 p. 2, col. 5 Richmond Whig Tuesday Evening, Nov. 8. Nat Turner has been convicted, by the called Court of Southampton County. The record of his conviction has been received by the Executive. He is sentenced to be hung on Friday next. Vol. 6, No. 115, 15 November 1831 p. 2, col. 4 Nat Turner was hanged in Southampton on Friday. Volume 6, Number 116, 16 November 1831 p. 2, col. 5 THE LAST OF NAT. The Norfolk Herald of Monday, contains the following notice. Nat Turner. - This wretched culprit expiated his crimes (crimes at the bare mention of which the blood runs cold) on Friday last. He betrayed no emotion, but appeared to be utterly reckless of the awful fate that awaited him, and even hurried the executioner in the performance of his duty! - Precisely at 12 o’clock he was launched into eternity. - There were but few people to see him hanged. [Apropos - the Albany biographer of negro cut-throats will please remember, that Nat was not torn limbless by horses, but simply "hanged by the neck till he was dead." - He may say, however, that General Nat sold his body for dissection, and spent the money in ginger cakes.] A gentleman of Jerusalem has taken down his confession, which he intends to publish with an accurate likeness of the brigand, taken by Mr. John Crawley, portrait painter of this town, to be lythographed by Endicott & Swett, of Baltimore. Volume 6, Number 145, 29 December 1831 p. 2, col. 1 The Richmond Whig. DOMESTIC. ___________ The following proceedings of the People of Loudoun, will command universal attention: SLAVES, FREE NEGROES, &c. At a meeting of the citizens of Loudoun county, held at the Court House in Leesburg, on the 17th instant, in pursuance of previous notice, for the purpose of taking into consideration the subject of petitioning the Legislature relative to the colored population of the State, Col. Samuel M. Edwards, Mayor of Leeburg, was called to the Chair, and B. W. Sower [sic] appointed Secretary. In explanation of the subject before the meeting, R. H. Henderson, Esq. addressed the chair at some length. He illustrated the necessity of adopting measures suited to the crisis, and expressed his satisfaction at finding the all important object that had induced the call of this meeting, had also attracted the serious attention of other parts of the State more immediately interested in the question of slavery. Mr. Henderson also read to the meeting a petition to the General Assembly from the Ladies of Fluvanna county, setting forth the evils consequent upon the present order of things, and praying such remedy as might suggest itself to the combined wisdom of that body. After farther remarks upon the expediency of the proposed course, Mr. H. submitted the following resolutions, which after some discussion, were unanimously adopted: 1st. Resolved, That we deeply sympathise with our fellow citizens of Southampton in their sufferings and sorrows, and that we are sincerely desirous to take the most effectual measures to shield our beloved State from, and to guard our posterity against, the repetition of such enormities and horrors. 2d. Resolved, that to complain of public evils, which are remediable, is the part of children; to remove them, that of men. 3d. Resolved, As the opinion of this meeting, that the only adequate remedy for the evil which these resolutions discuss, is the gradual emancipation of the slaves of the Commonwealth, and the removal of the entire colored population; and farther, that, as much time will be required for the accomplishment of this great object, none ought to be lost by delay. 4th. Resolved, As the opinion of this meeting, that a gradual emancipation and removal of the Slaves of the commonwealth is practicable; and that, upon this assumption, the continuation of slavery is forbidden by the true policy of Virginia, repugnant to her political theory and christian professions, and an opprobrium to our ancient and renowned dominion. 5th. Resolved, That we view with profound sensibility the proceedings of the female citizens of the County of Fluvanna; that we tender to them the homage of our most respectful sympathies; that we will share, cheerfully, with you our fellow citizens, the toils, privations and burdens necessary to the attainment of the great end at which their memorial aims; and that we invoke our common Legislature to commence, while it is yet day, the glorious work of the deliverance as well of the white as of the colored population of the State; and that we trust and believe the smiles of the Creator and Preserver of all men will accompany their arduous, patriotic, and pious labors. 6th. Resolved, That a Committee of nine be appointed by the Chairman of this meeting to prepare a Memorial addressed to the General Assembly in conformity with the sentiments expressed in these resolutions, and respectfully asking that body to adopt such measures as in their better judgement they shall devise expedient for the accomplishment of the end proposed. The Chairman then appointed the following gentlemen a Committee under the 6th resolution: R. H. Henderson, Joshua Osburn, Willliam B. Tyler, Fayette Ball, Geo. M. Chichaster [sic], John Janney, John K. Carter, Henry Clagett and Wilson C. Selden, Jr. On motion. Resolved, That the Editors of the Leesburg papers, and such others as may take an interest in the subject, be respectfully requested to publish these proceedings. S. M. EDWARDS, Chr'n. B. W. Sowers [sic], Sec'ry. _______ MEMORIAL. To the Hon. the Senate and House of Delegates of the State of Virginia. Your Memorialists respectfully represent, that they are a committee appointed by a meeting of the people of Loudoun county, held at the Court- house in Leesburg, on Saturday the 17th inst, in pursuance of public notice, to take into consideration the situation of the colored population of the Commonwealth. Your Memorialists have, fortunately, in their immediate neighborhood, a comparatively small ratio of that unhappy description of persons: for that reason, they have been silent until encouraged to speak by the uplifted voices of those whose concerns and firesides are most sorely pressed by the evil which they deprecate. Your memorialists forbear to argue this subject; they hold three propositions to be fully proved by sad experience; first, that the labor of the Slaves in a community like ours, is the most expensive that can be used; - secondly, that slavery tends to lay waste the region in which it subsists; and thirdly, that it fills with apprehension and inquietude the bosoms of those who employ it. Is not all this literally and mournfully true? A sense of the common interest, a love of peace, the sentiment of security for all that is dear to the heart of social man, combine to adjure Virginians to make a great exertionbecoming sacrifice to deliver their soil from an evil, serious now, terrible in prospect. It is most clear, then, that the public interest and the safety of individuals call aloud for energetic bur prudent measures, having for their objects the ultimate extinction of involuntary servitude, and the removal of the race which is irreconcileably antagonist to ours. Your memorialists will not dwell upon those high topics of republican consistency which address themselves to the understandings, the pride, and the conscience of this people: nor presume to shew that the Law of God is strikingly coincident, on this all interesting subject, with the welfare of man. They believe that your wisdom is competent to devise a plan that will lead to the happy results to which they allude; and that the resources of the State are equal to its execution. They furthermore believe the citizens of the Commonwealth will, manfully and cheerfully, sustain their representatives in this momentous effort, and bear, without a murmur, the privations and impositions incident to it. Your memorialists pledge themselves, and those whose organs they are, to a cordial cooperation in this great work, involving, as it does, the peace and happiness, the prosperity and glory of Virginia. SIGNED: R. H. Henderson. John Janney. Joshua Osburn. John A. Carter. Wm. B. Tyler. Henry Clagett. Fayett Ball. W.C. Selden, Jr. G. M. Chichester. [sic] ______________________ ****************************************************************************** Library of Virginia (LVA), Richmond, VA Virginia Memory [digital collections], Virginia Chronicle [newpaper collections], "Richmond Whig and Commercial Journal" (Richmond, VA) Available online: 5 July 1831 - 29 December 1832 (431 issues) Original issues housed at The Huntington Library, San Marino, CA. Additional information: The insurrection was also covered in "The Genius of Liberty," a Whig-party weekly, also part of the LVA Virginia Chronicle project. Coverage at: http://files.usgwarchives.net/va/southampton/news/18310903gl.txt Court proceedings on the Southampton Insurrection, Aug-Nov 1831, are posted at: http://files.usgwarchives.net/va/southampton/court/ol_nat.txt "AWFUL WORK OF TURNER," reminiscences on the Southampton Insurrection, by Alexandria (VA) police chief Col. James Webster, published in "The Times-Dispatch" (Richmond, VA), Aug. 28, 1904, p. 12, col. 1-2, is posted at: http://files.usgwarchives.net/va/southampton/news/19040828td.txt A version of the article, entitled "The Nat Turner Insurrection," also appeared in "Alexandria (VA) Gazette," Aug. 29, 1904, p. 1, col. 1-2 See also an article that appeared in several papers in 1892 - "A RAZOR STRAP FROM THE SKIN OF NAT TURNER" - posted at: http://files.usgwarchives.net/va/southampton/news/09151892ag.txt Contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by File Manager Matt Harris (zoobug64@aol.com) [brackets & line breaks mine]. file at: http://files.usgwarchives.net/va/southampton/news/18310825rw.txt