Cyrus Woodman: A Character Sketch


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The Wisconsin Magazine of History
June, 1919
Volume 2
Number 4
Published Quarterly by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin.
page 393 - 412

Cyrus Woodman: A Character Sketch
Ellis B. Usher

A biography and study of the personality, character, career, and
antecedents of Cyrus Woodman are worth while because, although as a
neighbor and resident of the state he lived in the West for only
sixteen years, he was nevertheless identified with some of its most
interesting history, and established relations and interests here that
continued throughout his well-rounded life. And because it is
especially fitting that such an estimate of Mr. Woodman should he
prepared for and deposited with the State Historical Society of
Wisconsin, I have undertaken this sketch.

The history of the state is the mosaic of accomplishment by its
individual citizens; it is a misfortune that so many men of great
usefulness leave so little personal record behind them. Mr. Woodman
illustrates the importance of the useful private citizen and it is a
matter for congratulation that he has left unusual records of his
relations to Wisconsin and northern Illinois, and that his children
have placed these records in the keeping of our State Historical
Society.  (1)   The fact that Mr. Woodman was one of the -charter
members of this Society, and, as his correspondence shows, was also
one of the earliest (2) and most persistent advocates of such a
society, suggested to his children the propriety of this repository
for most of his personal records. They knew that be bad served long as
one of the Society's vice presidents, and they were themselves natives
of the region to which these papers chiefly refer.  (3)

To interpret a man's character and value to his neighbors and his time
is an undertaking that no one should essay without misgivings. It is,
therefore, well for me to say, frankly, that the fact that I am the
nephew of Cyrus Woodman, and that he was more than an uncle to me-he
was my friend and benefactor-lays certain awkward limitations upon
this effort to translate him to his permanent and proper place in
Wisconsin and western local history. I shall, therefore, let others
speak for him, and permit him to speak, for himself as far as
possible. The latter method would not be to his liking, if he might
intervene, but it will be more just and more illuminating.

Writing to me recently of the death of Mr. Woodman's eldest son in
Charleston, West Virginia, Superintendent Quaife says:

"I judge that Mr. Woodman inherited, or had instilled in him, most of
the admirable traits of his 'father. I note particularly the comment
concerning the solidity of his scholarship, and the modesty of his
character. Such men are all too rare in any country, or in any age.
Without implying anything to the discredit of our own age and country,
I think it was a God-send to youthful Wisconsin that we had Cyrus
Woodman in our midst for a time. Evidently Charleston has profited in
somewhat similar fashion by the presence of his son."

Mr. Woodman had an innate taste for history and many of the
characteristics of the careful historian, so it was not surprising
that as a young man fresh from Bowdoin College, Harvard Law School,
and the practice of law in Boston, he should be interested in the
scenes and inspired by the great possibilities of the robust,
boundless new West into which he entered when, on January 14, 1840, he
arrived in Winslow, Illinois. He came as the agent of the Boston and
Western Land Company. Later the company was dissolved, and he
purchased the remaining lands, mainly on credit, in 1843, and began
business on his own account.

In the summer of 1844 he formed a partnership with Cadwallader Colden
Washburn, also a native of Maine, a lawyer, and already established in
Mineral Point.  (4)   This was the beginning of a lifelong association
and confidence between these two men, for, although they separated
their business interests in 1855, they were often closely associated
in large business transactions in later life. Mr. Washburn enjoyed
great undertakings, and my uncle said to me, after the explosion of
the Washburn flour mills at Minneapolis, that he would not bear such a
load as General Washburn always carried "for all his money."

This remark illustrates one of Mr. Woodman's characteristics. He had a
competence when he dissolved partnership with Mr. Washburn. When the
latter was elected to Congress it was his wish that the partnership
might continue, Mr. Woodman conducting the business. This was more of
a responsibility than Mr. Woodman cared for, so in the division of the
property be took his share very largely in cash, and gave Mr. Washburn
what both considered the major share-a prospective great fortune,
principally in wild lands and pine 'stumpage. A letter to Mr. Washburn
written from Bonn, Prussia, in 1857, clearly illustrates Mr. Woodman's
measure of his friend and former associate. He writes:

"Though you talk of drawing your business to a close, yet I have no
doubt that if you could cash your lumber this winter you would, before
the Mississippi opens next spring, be making your calculations to buy
out and cut down all the timber on the Black, Chippewa and Rum rivers,
and perhaps be in favor of starting a gigantic joint stock company to
cut down all the pine in Oregon the year following." (5),

Mr. Woodman, although then but forty-one years of age, retired from
active business and as soon as he could adjust his affairs took his
family to Europe for three years, educating his children in Germany
and France, and studying himself at Bonn and with private tutors. He
set aside $10,000 for this season abroad and, I believe, made it
fulfill his purpose.

In my possession are a number of his letters to Mr. Washburn, written
during these years. They were composed with leisure and in the full
frankness and sincerity of personal confidence and security. They
therefore measure better than anyone else possibly could the wide
range of Mr. Woodman's intelligence, his interest in and careful study
of the governments and peoples visited in his travels' and his
discriminating estimates and decided and independent opinions upon the
larger public questions under discussion at home. On the twenty-second
of November, 1857, nearly sixty-two years ago, he wrote from Bonn to
Mr. Washburn as follows:

"The English have retaken Delhi. I merely mention it to say that I am
glad of it. England and the United States are the only two free
countries in the world worth naming. England with her free speech and
free press is hated and feared by all European governments,
notwithstanding all professions to the contrary.

"In Europe generally the laws and the police for protection of life
and property are much more effectual than with us. Our liberty, in the
states, especially in the new states, borders upon license, and not
infrequently license drives liberty to the wall. But after all I would
rather live in the wildest and rudest part of the Union where freedom
of speech and of the press is unrestricted, (this excludes some of the
slave districts where neither are allowed in relation to the 'peculiar
institution,' slavery) and where I might he obliged to protect my
person and property with bowie knives and pistols, than to dwell in
this land where one dares not utter his thoughts upon government or
religion. Freedom of speech and of the press is essential to the
development of a manly people. It is for this reason that the
inhabitants of England and the United States are the most manly upon
the earth.

"I look with pride upon the extension of English speech and English
liberty over so broad a portion of the earth's surface. "

Here in Prussia more than twenty people cannot bold a meeting without
permission of the authorities and if in a public place you speak with
a German upon politics and religion he will not utter his thoughts
without first looking round to see that be is not overheard. What
effect this has upon the national character you can well imagine."

In a letter to his sister a month later, and in similar vein, I find
the following extract which is prophetic, in the light of recent
events:

"In Europe England is envied, feared, and consequently hated. I for
one, am not envious of England's prosperity and greatness. I see in
her, advance of order, intelligence and civil liberty. She is the
naturally of the United States, and if, at some future day the nations
of Europe shall combine against her, I hope she will receive all the
support from the United States which they can constitutionally give."

These quotations justify his rejoinder to Judge Drummond, a friend of
his school days, when the Judge cautioned him, as he was starting for
Europe, not to forget his country -"I am too good a Democrat to do
so." His democracy, as his letters from Bonn show, was broad and
statesmanlike, transcending party limitations. He came from the
element in New England that revolted against the civil domination of
the Congregational Church, because it was, in turn, dominated by or
expressed itself through the Federalist party. Maine was, in that
movement, an exemplar of Professor Frederick J. Turner's idea that
"the frontier" is a social and not a geographical condition. Anti-
Federalism was deeply bedded in his political principles, although he
was named for a Federalist, Cyrus King, who was representative in
Congress from the district in which he was born.' He once denounced to
me the "American Statesmen" series of biographies, because they were
written by Charles Francis Adams, Henry Cabot Lodge, and others, under
the inherited spell of Federalism. But his politics, although he and
his father before him were Democrats, were not measured by mere
partisanship, as is demonstrated by the following quotation from a
letter to Mr. Washburn, written in Bremen in 1856:

"I have no doubt of your reelection, but I do not share your
confidence in regard to the election of Fremont. 1, of course, have
not the grounds for an opinion that you have, but I believe that he
will be defeated, for that seems to be the fate of the North, and this
election resolves itself into a question between the North and South.
The contest is a sectional one. Let it he so! I am content now to
accept the issue which must one day be made and to fight the battle
which must one day be fought. The question now is whether a small
minority is forever to control the destiny of the United States and it
is a question to which,  until it is settled, all other practical
questions in the United States will be subsidiary.

" You well know that I am as far as possible from being an
abolitionist and that up to the time of the repeal of the Missouri
Compromise I was what would be called a pro-slavery man. I was willing
to stretch the Constitution a little rather than deprive the South of
any rights to which by virtue thereof they were entitled. We had
conceded and compromised until, in 18,50, 1 felt that the South could
ask for nothing more and that the slavery agitation was at an end.

"I did not conceive it possible that they would, even through a
northern member, insult us by asking for a repeal of the Missouri
Compromise. But they not only asked for but enforced it. From that
moment I felt that the South contemned the kindness which I had before
felt for it And in cramming the repeal of the Missouri Compromise down
my throat I felt that it was wantonly injuring and insulting me. * * *
I do not forget or forgive it. The South gets no more compassion from
me, and another slave state would never come into the Union if I could
prevent it. * * * I hope the time is not distant when the North will
have the courage to say to the South - 'Ye blew the fire that burnt
ye, now have it ye.' Possessing these feelings I am in favor of the
election of Fremont. * * * If I were at home now, I am not sure that I
would not stump the district with you and give my influence, if I have
any, to promote your election and that of Fremont.

"I have always been and believe that I still am a Democrat but now
that the Democratic party is substantially resolved into an
association for reducing the free population of the North into a
servitude more ignominious than that of the black population of the
South, I no longer belong to it.

"Such are my feelings and sentiments, which I would proclaim from the
housetops, if I thought it would do any good."

He voted for Lincoln, and, so far as I know, for Republicans until the
nomination of Samuel J. Tilden. He voted for him because be was a free
trader. Later, he was a warm supporter of President Cleveland.

Mr. Woodman had no ambition for office himself, which probably
accounted, in part, at least, for the fact that he was the trusted
counsellor of men like C. C. Washburn, and his brother, Elihu B.
Washburne,  (7) of John A. Andrew, and a personal friend of Mr.
Lincoln's able secretary of the treasury, Hugh McCulloch. Mr.
McCulloch was born in the same county as Mr. Woodman, in Maine, and
was a prominent banker in Indiana when Mr. Woodman was a banker in
Mineral Point. Mr. Woodman would himself have made an excellent
secretary of the treasury. He was a firm believer in the gold standard
and in the sub treasury. But not only did he never seek public office,
- he actually went to the other extreme, declining the urgent appeals
of his friends to accept nominations, and, in one instance, refusing
to take a seat in the Wisconsin legislature, to which he had been
nominated and elected while absent from the state. I bad it from his
own lips, and also from Mr. Hamilton H. Gray, of Darlington, who was a
member of the committee from the district convention that waited upon
Mr. Woodman and offered him the Democratic nomination for Congress in
the f all of 1854, that be then refused what was thought to be an
offer equivalent to an election. He declined, probably because of the
views expressed in the letter above quoted, as the Missouri Compromise
was an issue in the campaign, although his business commitments
actually forbade, and were made the excuse for his refusal. A few days
later the Whig convention offered its nomination to his partner, Mr.
Washburn, who accepted and was elected. Mr. Gray  expressed to me the
opinion that Mr. Woodman's nomination would have assured success to
the Democrats, and that Mr. Washburn would not have been a candidate.

Mr. Woodman's views of office-bolding and of the proper attitude
toward political preferment were expressed in the following direct and
decided manner to one of his younger relatives:

"Political office seems to be very fascinating to many men, but the
result is in many cases very demoralizing. I hope you will never be a
seeker for office. Even if office seeks you, who are not independent,
in nine cases out of ten it will be best to decline. Maintain a manly,
a true but not an offensive independence, even if it should lead to
sawing wood for a living. Character is worth infinitely more than
money. Be no man's man."

With Mr. Washburn his relations, beginning in their early business
association, lasted uninterruptedly until the latter's death. Mr.
Woodman was called to the bedside of his old partner, in Philadelphia,
and after counselling with him, drew the will that disposed of the
Washburn estate just as the testator desired and intended, although it
was, strenuously contested in the Wisconsin courts. Mr. Woodman
declined to be an executor, but was a trustee for some of Mr.
Washburn's private bequests.

Of his boyhood friend, John A. Andrew, the famous Civil War governor
of Massachusetts, with whom he kept up a life-long intimacy, he wrote
to his sister the following deeply sincere and beautiful tribute:

"I have lost my oldest and nearest and dearest friend among men. It is
a great affliction to me. Mother's death has been to me an ever
present sorrow and so will Andrew's be. Life now becomes less joyful
and death more welcome. Our acquaintance, which began at Gorham, was
continued in college and afterwards in Boston, where we studied law.
From the first we were friends and our friendship knew no variableness
or shadow of turning. But I should not lament his death so much upon
my own account as upon that of the country. He could not have remained
much longer in private life. No man seemed destined to do so much good
as he in the councils of the nation. The country by his death seems
poorer and weaker. People were beginning to be aware that he was the
foremost statesman in the country. But this great, courageous, manly
soul has left us and the whole state mourns as Massachusetts never
before mourned the death of any of her citizens. He was great in heart
as well as in intellect, and in a simple, natural, unpretending way
followed Christ more nearly than any man I have ever known."

From the early and otherwise busy days of his western life, Mr.
Woodman began to gather a library of the works of the explorers of the
Mississippi Valley, and to collect and save the more ephemeral
literature of the time which would prove of later historical interest.
As the possessor of many of the volumes that resulted from that early
attention to historical details, I can testify that as early as 1844
and 1845 he was buying Carver's Travels in Wisconsin, Schoolcraft’s
Narrative Journal of Travels * * * to the Sources of the Mississippi,
La Hontan, Hennepin, Long, and others, and that be saved The Home of
the Badgers, and many other contemporaneous pamphlet publications of
local character, now practically unobtainable. He was a constant
bookbuyer all his life, and as constant a contributor of books and
papers to the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. He published The
Woodmans of Buxton, Maine, in 1874, and largely through his initiative
and pecuniary assistance the history of his native town is preserved
with a fullness and accuracy that is said to be unexcelled if not
unequalled in all New England.

Throughout his lifetime be was steadfast in his loyalty to his
kindred, in devotion to his friends, and in a deep interest in his
native town. Many a person in the old town of Buxton received timely
financial help in sickness, or misfortune, or was presented with a
cow, or something helpful, without knowledge of the source. When be
visited California he found the grave of his Wisconsin friend, Col.
William S. Hamilton, (8) neglected and unmarked; so he caused a
respectable monument to be set over the grave, an iron fence built to
enclose it, and had the lot put in order. When his class at Bowdoin
celebrated its semi centennial, in 1886, be saw to it that every man
was present, and be and they took great pleasure in the romp they had.


He made several contributions of scholarships and other assistance to
Bowdoin College; be built monuments to relatives and friends, and did
personal kindnesses - so many that no one now knows their number or
importance, for he did not talk about them. A friend to whom I wrote
for information replied:

"President Hyde told me, years ago, that some of your Uncle Cyrus's
gifts were unrecorded. He is now dead so that the facts are, very
likely, forgotten as they were intended to be. I was for four years
the beneficiary of the 'Buxton Scholarship' at Bowdoin, I might not
have got through college without it, in those impecunious days, so I
have a vital interest in that and allied bequests of Mr. Woodman."

The one place where he desired to record a gift was in his endowment
of the Astronomical Library, at the Washburn Observatory, now
connected with the University of Wisconsin. He created this library
fund, with characteristic care, by a donation of $5,000, so
conditioned that but one-half of the income might be used until
additions to the princi-pal from the remaining income had built up the
fund to $100,000. When that time arrives all of the income may be
spent. He wished his association with General Washburn to be
perpetuated, so a bronze tablet in the library bears the record of
that gift.

This method of businesslike donations of comparatively small sums,
carefully fore-ordained to grow, was a distinguishing characteristic
of many of his gifts. Sums of money were left in trust to provide
occasional gifts, or necessary recreations, to distant relatives and I
think even to old friends, and some such funds are already performing
secret and grateful service in the third generation.

Perhaps this sort of thing is philanthropy, but I like to think of it
as something warmer, kindlier, and more personal. It is certainly not
of the self-vaunting sort and it emphasizes to one who knew the man
the breadth of his democratic spirit and the warmth and steadfastness
of his devotion to those he loved. These unostentatious gifts and the
manner in which they were made also emphasize an underlying Puritan
aversion to show and pretension that bad deep root in his character.
He despised sham and bad contempt for all vulgar display.

His strict measure of right and wrong in business relations can be
illustrated in no better way than by the statement that be never rode
on a railroad pass nor permitted any member of his family to do so,
although he was for a great many years among the inner circle of
Boston men who controlled the finances and policies of the Michigan
Southern and of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroads. The only
exception be made to this rule was when be built the Plattsmoutb
branch of the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad, when be traveled
on railroad business.

The simplicity of his home life reflected his quiet tastes and dislike
of display. His western home in Mineral Point was a plain, homely,
wooden house, which was rather small for his growing family; to the
rear of it was attached his modest business office, which fronted on
the next street. The Cambridge home, of ample size, and comfortable,
is situated in a narrow byway, with four near neighbors, but it makes
no show. The house was filled with books, largely volumes of American
history and American literature, which bespoke both his taste and his
loyalty.

In a letter to me, when I was a young man, be expressed his own
character and philosophy as follows:

"Be honest, be truthful, honorable, manly, charitable, and you will be
rich in character if not in money. We cannot conceal ourselves, if we
would, from our neighbors. They are sure to find us out and rate us at
our true worth."

To the details of Mr. Woodman's active business career little
attention is paid in this sketch. There are several articles of that
sort.  (9)  The effort here is to express the man. Of his family, in a
letter to his sister, he once said:

"Your remarks about the Woodmans are correct. They seem, generally, to
think it a sin to show any affection for each other, and are perhaps
unkind or thoughtless of the effect of unkind words. As I grow older I
realize this more than I used to do, and can see that my manner toward
my family has been too much like father's, not so warm and
affectionate as it ought to be. "I am not, I think, naturally hopeful.
It is, I believe, not a Woodman trait. Nevertheless I try to cultivate
hopefulness and though I do not succeed very well I yet make out in
some good measure to ward off borrowed troubles. "I have been a man of
business and yet my tastes are not in that direction. It is well
however that necessity has compelled me to engage in business,
otherwise I might have become a misanthrope. I live in a crowd and yet
I am alone."

There again speaks the Puritan, but there is another side to the
picture from equally reliable authority.

As the excellent picture of Mr. Woodman opposite the title-page of
this issue suggests, be was a man of good looks and dignified
presence. There was a touch of the formality of an earlier generation,
and of the self-respect and respect for others that is the foundation
of good breeding. He was quite gray before be was fifty and white
before he was sixty-five, but he never knew the infirmities of old
age. Not long ago I asked his only daughter, who was, as is often the
case, the father's closest confidant and fondest critic, for some
definite facts as to her father's personal appearance. I received the
following reply:

"Father's hair was brown, his eyes were blue. His height was 5 feet 7
inches, in his shoes, and he weighed about 160 pounds.

"I never saw father ill in bed for a day. To the last his step was
light and firm, his carriage erect.

"He liked to spout verses and sing while dressing in the morning, a
favorite theme was 'Consider the laylocks how they grow.' He thus
declaimed in English, German and Spanish. Never in French, that I can
remember.

"He was full of tease and fun at times. I have laughed myself weak
over his monkey tricks.

"When he was a bit crusty he enjoyed having someone hit back. It never
occurred to mother to poke fun at him, it was not in her. I succeeded
fairly well.

"Father's bark was out of all proportion to his bite. He would talk
about restless, uneasy women, unable to stay home, wanting to be
always going somewhere. This was rather funny when he was always
carting me from Dan to Beersheba.

"I have no way of knowing bow many people father helped, or who they
were. It was not his way to care to go on record, nor to wish to have
his name connected with any gift, except in the one case of the
library at the Madison observatory where he made a point of having the
names of Washburn and Woodman stand side by side in perpetuity; if
there's any such thing as perpetuity.

"It always seemed to be somewhat remarkable that father with his
robust health, should have, as be did, a most intelligent sympathy
with people who were ailing and delicate. With regard to the -comfort
of a guest, he often thought of things which mother and I bad
overlooked.

"When father arrived in Illinois the men in Winslow 'sized up' the
brown haired, blue eyed, pink and white young thing, as one who would
quickly find life in a rough new country beyond his power of
endurance.

"It was not long before they bad to revise their judgments. Father
could do all that they could and go them one better. He could walk
farther and faster. Sleep or go without sleep, eat or fast, and hold
up his end of anything with the best of them.

"A great, life-long sorrow came to father in Winslow, the death of his
first son, in infancy. In my thoughts I often see the young father
standing by the grave of that idolized baby with a pain in his heart
which time softened but never wholly removed.

"There seemed to be nothing too much to do for his friends."

Mr. Woodman, for years a western pioneer himself, was a descendant of
the earliest pioneers of New England. He was but three generations
removed from those who began life in the pine forests of Maine, axe in
hand. Such as they moved first from Maine and New Hampshire to the
forests of New York, next to Pennsylvania, thence to Michigan,
Wisconsin, Minnesota, and still onward, across the continent,
following the northern pine belt to the Pacific Ocean. Mr. Woodman was
active as a participant in this movement in Michigan, Wisconsin, and
Minnesota, in all of which states he had at various times considerable
land and lumbering interests. Wisconsin, however, was the scene of his
main operations. After he had virtually retired from active business
and had lived for some years in the East, be was induced to engage in
lumbering in New Hampshire for a brief season, and his last investment
in timber, made but a few months before his death, in 1889, was in the
state of Washington, which be visited in company with the late William
H. Bradley, (10) of Milwaukee, and Wallace G. Collins, then an officer
of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul road, in this state. These
three men tramped for two or three weeks in Washington timber, and
made their selections, with practiced eyes, from personal inspection.
The only survivor, Mr. Collins, is now reaping the reward of New
England faith in pine timber, as a successful Pacific coast lumberman.
He told me that Mr. Woodman, although in his seventy-fifth year,
enjoyed this tramp immensely and kept the younger men busy trying to
outdo him.

Most of the hardy, northern New England blood of early Wisconsin was
attracted here through the Yankee knowledge of and faith in pine
timber. This was an inheritance with Mr. Woodman, whose grandfather
and great-grandfather were pioneer lumbermen on the Saco River, one of
the rich lumber streams of Maine. The first sawmill in Buxton
Township, York County (then Narraganset No. 1) was built by his great-
grandfather, Joseph Woodman, about 1750, and the first sawmill at the
Bar Mills, in the same township, was built forty-five years later by
his grandfather, Joseph Woodman, the second.

The progenitors of the Woodmans were settlers in New-bury,
Massachusetts, in 1635, at the beginnings of that town. The
neighboring dwellings of Woodman, the tanner, and Lieut. Stephen
Longfellow, the blacksmith, (11)  at last accounts were still
standing. The two families were related by marriage.

Cyrus Woodman was descended from Edward Woodman, who came from England
with the first settlers, and was one of the original ninety-one
grantees of the town site, He was also reputed to be one of fifteen
men entitled to the appellation of "Mister," or "Master," which
signified a leading man; he long occupied a position of prominence in
the Congregational Church and in the public affairs of this historic
community. At this time public and religious affairs in a New England
community were both centered in the Congregational Church. According
to a biographer, he was "a man of influence, decision and energy, who
made himself felt in the young community. (12)  On his mother's side
Mr. Woodman was descended from another and numerous New-bury family,
the Coffins, and through their intermarriages be was related to the
Gorham descendants of John Tilly and John Howland, Mayflower Pilgrims.
So Cyrus Woodman's family and traditions rooted in the beginnings of
the first New England colony. In him were combined many of the
characteristics and traditions of the early, more liberal Pilgrims and
the later and stiffer-necked Puritans. His maternal grandmother, Mary
Gorham, (13) was the daughter of Captain Nathaniel Gorham, a prominent
and well-to-do sea captain of Charlestown, Massachusetts.

Mary Gorham married the Rev. Paul Coffin, in 1763. (14)  He had
graduated from Harvard College in the class of 1759, and three years
later went into the wilderness of Maine to assume the pastorate of the
first Congregational Church of Buxton. As a youth of twenty-three he
preached there his trial sermon on February 8, 1761, the first sermon
of a pastorate that began a year later and continued uninterruptedly
for sixty years. He had left college distinguished for correct
deportment and literary attainments, and, according to an historian of
Buxton, was "a learned man, and was able to read the scriptures in the
Latin, Greek, and Hebrew languages, to which he added a knowledge of
French." In May, 1799, he enjoyed the privilege of preaching the
annual "election. sermon," in Boston, before the Honorable, the
Governor, Lieutenant Governor, the Council, Senate, and House of
Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In 1812 Harvard
College conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity.
The town's historian says of Dr. Coffin, that he was "born and
educated in polished and literary society," and that his charge
consisted of less than thirty families, most of whom lived in log
houses, and were uneducated pioneers. "During eight years of the war
of the Revolution he did not receive twenty dollars in specie." During
these years he supported himself and family from his farm.

As is often the case, the historians of Buxton have been inclined to
emphasize the illiterate character of pioneer settlements. But the
people of Buxton were generally of the intelligent stock of Old
Newbury, and their separation from that center had not been long nor
absolute. They were living remote from towns and educational
advantages, but that they were ignorant is not borne out by the
records.

Mineral Point, in 1845, and during the eleven years that Mr. Woodman
lived there, was a lead mining center, and all of the southwestern
corner of the state was a busy and typical mining camp. However, Mr.
Woodman was not isolated among rough and uneducated people, though
then as always in frontier settlements the man of education and
cultivation was in the minority. But among Mr. Woodman's townspeople
and comparatively near neighbors were such men as Gen. William R.
Smith , son of a distinguished clergyman and educator of Pennsylvania;
Col. William S. Hamilton, the son of Alexander Hamilton, patriot of
the Revolution; Judge Charles Dunn, first chief justice of the
territorial supreme court; Cadwallader C. Washburn; Moses M. Strong,
George W. Lakin, and others. Elihu B. Washburne, Judge Thomas
Drummond, of Galena, a graduate of Gorham Academy and of Bowdoin
College, and others of education and wide and cosmopolitan experience
were near at hand. Notwithstanding Mr. Woodman's assertion  - "I live
in a crowd and yet I am alone," I know from men like the late
Montgomery Smith and Calvert Spensley, of Mineral Point, who were
younger, but remembered him well, that be was highly respected and
fully appreciated. Mineral Point was then a community into which
drifted many adventurous spirits from all parts of this country and
Europe. Mr. Woodman found among them companions who were his peers in
education and taste for refined pursuits, and made acquaintances who
remained his friends through life. He cheerfully lived the life that
circumstances demanded. He once told me that in the course of various
business trips he had covered the ground on horseback from Black River
Falls to St. Louis, had slept many a night in the open, using his
saddle for a pillow, and had also slept in the logging camps, in below
zero weather, where everybody put his blanket on the floor and his
feet toward the fire.

When Gen. W. R. Smith completed the third volume of his History of
Wisconsin, in 1854, the first documents quoted were the "Jesuit
Relations" and a footnote on page 9, at the beginning of these
quotations, signed "C. W.," is evidence that Mr. Woodman, who visited
Boston frequently, had, at the Harvard College Library, made the
translations of matter pertaining to Wisconsin, of which General Smith
thus made use and acknowledgment. An unfinished autobiography,
addressed "To My Children," upon which be was at work at the time of
his death, begins as follows:

"It would be a great satisfaction to me if I knew something more than
I do of the youthful days of my parents. I should like to know bow
their lives were spent under the paternal roof and before I can
remember them. I should like to know what work they did, and what
amusements and what companions they had, what schools they attended
and the general courses of life in their younger days. "My parents
were born within about a half mile of each other and doubtless went to
the same common school, but their lives before they were married are
almost a blank to me. There is much that I should be glad to know of
them in their early days which never can be known. The strong desire
which I have to know more about them than I do leads me to think that
the time may come when my children will be pleased to know something
of my own youthful days."

Unfortunately this sketch concludes at the time be was in Bowdoin
College, so it is concerned chiefly with the home life of a young man
who worked on his father's small farm, and whose college career had to
be interrupted so that he might teach school to help pay his college
expenses, for his father bad other children to educate.

His father, Joseph Woodman, the third, had attended Fryeburg (Maine)
and the famous Phillips Exeter Academies; later he studied law in the
offices of leading lawyers of Maine, was admitted to the bar in 1809,
and settled as a practitioner in his native town. He was fairly
prosperous. A grievous loss, the death of his wife, in 1833, left him
with a family of four sons, the eldest of whom was Cyrus, the subject
of this sketch, then almost nineteen years of age, and a daughter, the
youngest, nine years of age. (15) He soon gave up active practice, and
three years later came west, thereafter to make his home chiefly with
his son Cyrus, with occasional lengthy visits to his daughter and son-
in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Isaac L. Usher, at Onalaska, La Crosse County,
Wisconsin. He died in London, Canada, November 25, 1857, at the age of
seventy-four. Of his mother the autobiography of the son relates that
she went to a private school in Cambridge and says:

"Her education was doubtless mostly at home, but it was, in my
judgment, of the very best kind. She had the instruction and
discipline of intelligent, cultivated and pious parents, she had the
advantage of mingling with brothers as well as sisters, of seeing the
best company at her father's house and in the neighboring towns, (16)
of visiting relatives in Newburyport, Boston, and other places in
Massachusetts, where she had access to the best society for the
improvement of mind and manners; (17) and last but not least, she had
the advantage of being brought up on a farm where she was obliged to
practice economy and to learn all the work which the wives of farmers
performed in those days. It was a school under the best of influences,
of industry, economy and usefulness. On the whole, I think that there
is no better education for a woman than that which my mother received.
What better education could she have had for married life and for the
varied duties incumbent upon her as a member of society ?"

Mr. Woodman married on January 5, 1842, at Fremont, Illinois, Miss
Charlotte Flint, of Baldwin, Maine, daughter of Deacon Ephraim Flint,
a prominent citizen of that place. Mr. Woodman had made the
acquaintance of his wife when he taught school in Baldwin, in his
college days. She was a woman of character and ability, whose
management of her household was of great assistance in the early days
of Mr. Woodman's life in the West. A brother, Thompson Flint, and a
cousin, Daniel Thompson, were pioneer grain and elevator men in
Chicago, and achieved decided success.

This is not intended to be a mere eulogium. Rather it is an attempt to
arrange, in proper perspective, Mr. Woodman's relations to Wisconsin,
so that the future historian may consider and interpret the Woodman
papers, in the hands of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin,
with a clearer idea of the man whose labors they represent.

The attention given to Mr. Woodman's family history is not justified
upon its personal importance but because the future historian must
have such details if he is to give Wisconsin's historical landscape an
intelligent and suitable perspective. Mr. Woodman was not a rare nor
singular exception. He was one of many strong, capable, educated men
of English descent and New England antecedents, who were potent as
good citizens of pioneer Wisconsin. Such men, with traditions of more
than eight centuries of British freedom, shaped Wisconsin's
constitution and laws in the likeness of New York, whose early
constitutional mentor had been Massachusetts, the American state which
will, next year, celebrate the three hundredth anniversary of the
planting of free representative government upon her soil, at Plymouth.
That was a sowing which has borne the matchless harvest of this
hemisphere-a hemisphere without a king, from the Arctic to the
Antarctic Pole. Today this event at Plymouth is reacting upon Europe
and all the peoples of the globe, touching them with aspirations for
freedom and self-government. Wisconsin history will not be properly
interpreted without recognition of this powerful influence during her
formative period.


1.  There are nearly two hundred bound volumes of his personal and
business correspondence in the Society's keeping. See Wisconsin
Magazine of History, Dec. 1918, 233-34.

2.  I am quite sure that be once told me, in reply to questions, that
be made the first suggestion to General Smith and helped, later, in
his quiet way, to push the undertaking to success. '

3.  Two of his children were born in Winslow, Illinois, and four in
Mineral Point, Wisconsin.

4.  Later a representative in Congress, major general of volunteers in
the Civil War, and governor of Wisconsin.

5.  Records in the Woodman papers show that Mr. Washburn had serious
ideas of a great lumbering corporation.

6.  'The half brother of Rufus King and of William King, the first
governor of Maine. He was no relation of the Woodmans, but was a
popular public man after whom many Maine boys of that day were named.

7.  Elihu used a final "e" in his name. Cadwallader never used it.

8.  Son of Alexander Hamilton.

9.  'See publications of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin and
genealogical matter in the library of the Society. Also Bench and Bar
of Wisconsin, by Parker McCobb Reed, Milwaukee, 1882.

10.  Mr. Bradley's father, a Maine man, bad been Mr. Woodman's
associate in some of his Michigan enterprises; the son inherited his
confidence in the father.

11 Progenitor of Henry W. Longfellow, the poet.

12 Edward Woodman probably came from Corsham, a village in Wiltshire,
England, and, as his name suggests, was of pure English stock.

13.  Her brother, Nathaniel Gorham, was long prominent in the politics
of Massachusetts colony, as legislator, delegate to the Continental
Congress in 1786, and delegate from Massachusetts to the convention
that framed the constitution of the United States. Here he was called,
by General Washington, to occupy the chair in the committee of the
whole, over the deliberations of which be presided for the entire
session of three months. He was later credited with "powerful
influence in securing the adoption of the constitution" in the
Massachusetts convention. Later, under the Commonwealth, he was
speaker of the Massachusetts house of representatives, and twice
unsuccessfully contended with John Hancock for the governorship. See
Appleton's Cyclopoedia of American Biography; also Max Farrand,
Records of the Federal Convention, III, 87.

14.  Her brother, John, a physician of standing in Boston, was Paul
Coffin's classmate and friend in Harvard College.

15.  His second son, William Henry, became a lawyer in New York City.
The third son, George, attended Phillips Andover Academy and later
studied law but never practiced. For many years he was the active
manager of the private banking house of C. & G. Woodman, on Pine
Street, New York City, of which his brother Cyrus was the larger
owner, but personally inactive. Horatio, youngest of the four,
practiced law in Boston. He bad literary tastes and ability and Edward
Waldo Emerson, in his recent volume on The Early Years of the Saturday
Club, credits him with organizing it. Its early membership included
Emerson, Lowell, Longfellow, Holmes, and Whittier, and it still
includes leading scholars, literary and professional men of Boston,
Cambridge, and vicinity.

16.  1n his autobiography Mr. Woodman says that, returning from a
visit to Boston with his mother, "We drove to the house of Peter C.
Brooks, and there dined," in Medford. A daughter, Mrs. Edward Everett,
was present, another daughter, who was then engaged to Charles Francis
Adams, whom she later married. Another daughter married the Rev.
Nathaniel L. Frothingham. Through Mrs. Woodman's Gorham relationship
to Mrs. Brooks, who was her cousin, and a similar relationship to the
Phillips family of Andover, in whose family George Woodman was welcome
when be attended the Academy, Bishop Phillips Brooks of Boston, was
also a relative.

17.  Alice Morse Earle's Diary of Anna Green Winslow, of 1771-1773,
gives account of the girls' parties given by Hannah Soley, of
Charlestown, Massachusetts, who was a first cousin of Mrs. Woodman's
mother, which suggests the social relations of the Gorhams and Coffins
of that early day.