HISTORY OF RITCHIE COUNTY (WV) CHAPTERS 53 - 55 ********************************************************************** USGENWEB NOTICE: These electronic pages may NOT be reproduced in any format for profit or presentation by any other organization or persons. Persons or organizations desiring to use this material, must obtain the written consent of the contributor, or the legal representative of the submitter, and contact the listed USGenWeb archivist with proof of this consent. ********************************************************************** History of Ritchie County The following is taken from the book "History of Ritchie County" written by Minnie Kendall Lowther, and published in 1910. Transcribers are Janet Waite, Earl Cowan, Erin Stewart, Bonnie Ryan, Margaret Udell and Sylvia Cox. [Tip: If you follow a link in the text, you will need to use your back button to return to were you were.] CHAPTER LIII The Blue and the Gray Transcribed by Margaret Udell Page 644 Ritchie County Soldiers in the Civil War Finding it impossible at this late day to obtain a correct list of the names of the soldiers of the Civil war who enlisted from Ritchie, as no record by counties has been kept, we here give the names of those who made up the companies that were recruited from this county, as taken from the Adjutant General's Report. But, doubtless, not a few of them belonged to other parts of the state. Company "D" of the Sixth Regiment West Virginia Infantry Volunteers: -- John Clarke, Captain; Christian Hickman, 1st. Lieutenant; B. S. Cunningham, 2nd. Lieutenant.; Zachariah P. Rexroad, 1st Sergeant; and A. J. Johnson, David Cain, Seth T. Saterfield and Cornelius H. Cain, Sergeants; John Deem, George W. Sinnett, Jacob Fouse, Wm. G. Garrison, Robert Swadley, Wilbur F. Wigner, Lewis Rogers, and John Everett, Corporals; John C. N. Wigner, Teamster; Benjamin A. Arbogast, James F. Beatty, John C. Brubaker, John G. Bumgardner, Albert W. Cain, Thomas Carder, Mortimer J. Cayton, John Clayton, James Congrove, Jasper M. Congrove, Robert J. Cross, Wm. J. Cunningham, J. W. Cunningham, Moses Cunningham, John M. Debrular, Isaiah Deem, John G. Dotson, M. H. Dotson, Jeremiah R. Douglass, Thomas H. Dougherty, John A. Farr, John M. Furr, Elias Gains, Francis Glancey, Joseph A. Grason, Ezekiel M. Gribble, Cornelius S. Gribble, Uriah Harris, George W. Hagans, Samuel Hamilton, A. R. Hulderman, Sampson P. Hull, Luther E. Hudgill, William A. Lamb, Dennis Lanham, Daniel C. Louchery, Wm. A. Lyons, Christopher N. Lyons, Isaac McCartney, Phillip N. Miller, Jacob Mullinax, Ephraim Morehead, Page 645 , Wm. Nicholas, Wm. H. Parks, John S. Patton, Joseph Pittman, Wm. Postleweight, U. P. Postleweight, John R. Powell, Adam Rahrla, Benjamin F. Riffle, Stephen Rogers, H. C. Ross, Uriah Shrader, Charles E. Sheppard, Anthony Sharpnack, Josephus Six, Lewis Six, George S. W. Smith, James D. Smith, James L. Smith, Samuel Smith, Thomas B. Steed, George W. Stuart, William G. Stuart, Frederick L. Swiger, Alexander Tennant, Truman D. Vancourt, Thomas Williams, Mark Williams, Thomas Wilson, Isaac N. Wilcox, John Wilburn, James S. Wigner, Martin White, Abel. C. Whiteman, David C. Whiteman, Robert R. Whiteman, and Harrison Wright were the private solders of this company. Discharged in 1863 and '64: --Thomas B. Walters, Frederick Miller, Isaiah H. Rexroad, William M. Skelton, Captain; Ezekiel Sheppard, 1st Lieutenant; Oliver P. Rolston, Sergeant: Samuel Hatfield, Abner H. Jobes, and F. W. G. Camp, Corporals; William Bennett, D. F. Bumgardner, Granville B. Cain, George B. Douglass, Nashville Elliott, John Layfield, George Layfield, Wilson Nixon, William Miller, Henry D. McGill, Tarleton Peck, Charles P. Pool, Jesse C. Roach, Levi Smith, Amos K. Steed, William Howard, William Black, Daniel Dougherty, John Howard, Wm. S. Kibbee, Alexander Lee, David J. Riddel, Elias Sharpnack, Thomas J. Stout, George T. Walters, and Joseph Wildman. Transferred:--Phillip Sigler, Esram Arnett, Phillip T. Taylor, David B. Hogue, C. H. Rockenbaugh, and Jasper N. Wilson. Died:--John S. Rogers, Edward Cunningham, Robert Mullinax, Timothy Tenant, James M. Stewart, James R. Douglass, Wm. J. Hogue, and Jacob W. Phillips. Aggregate-- 145 men. Page 646 RECORD OF COMPANY "E," SIXTH REGIMENT WEST VIRGINIA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS WHEN MUSTERED OUT IN 1865: Larkin Peirpoint, Captain; Charles Dotson and Amos Kendall, Sergeants; Elmore Prunty, Justus S. Goff, Abraham Exline, and Harrison Wass, Corporals; Martin Overfield, Teamster; Davis Byrd, Daniel W. Cox, John C. Coalgate, Clinton Dotson, John W. Dotson, Lehman Dotson, Thomas A. Douglass, Alexander C. Goff, A. M. Greathouse, George W. Hess, John O. Kelly, E. W. McClain, John McConnaughy, Alex McDonald, Andrew J. Nutter, Wm. J. Overfield, Isaac C. Powell, Davidson C. Riddel, James W. Robinson, B. F. Rollins, Lowman Riddel, Edward Rollins, Elijah W. Summers, E. C. Snodgrass, Robert W. Stuart, Gilbert Smith, Elijah Stevens, Wm. H. H. Sandy, Samuel Treagle, Miner P. Towner, Wm. Towner, George Webb, Joshua Wilson, James W. White, Otho G. Watson, Jasper Ward, Hickman Waldo, Granville P. Zinn, John W. Zinn, Edward D. C. Zinn, and Wm. B. Zinn. Recruits:--G. M. Ireland, 1st Lieutenant; Nicholas Neidert, 2nd. Lieutenant; Perry J. Cunningham, 1st Sergeant; Joshua S. Osbourn, Musician; Marcus Broadwater, John B. Edwards, Elijah C. Goff, B. F. Jaco, Aaron S. Jones, Benjamin C. Powell, Wm. J. Shinn, Lewis T. Silcott, Edgar Trainer, Wm. Trainer, and Marion B. Zinn. Veterans:--James B. Westfall, and Daniel S. Bush, Sergeant; Zebedee Brown, Bartlett Waldo, and J. H. Dougherty, Corporals; Andrew S. Brown, Silas Braden, Butcher Valentine, Shedrick C. Collins, A. E. Dotson, Garrison Dotson, George W. Dougherty, Robert V. Duckworth, Samuel Knight, John W. McDonald, Wesley McDonald, Reilly Mason, Josiah Mitchell, Robert Mitchell, John W. McGill, Wm. Miller, Wm. Phillipbar, Joseph W. Robinson, Linsey M. Stevens, Levi Smith, Jeremiah Seders, James H. Silcott, John A. Thomas, Arthur Wilson, George M. Wade, Archibald B. Wilson, Eli Wilt, Hiram Williams, Jasper Wyatt, and Henry C. Wineburg. Page 647 Discharged:--Lloyd Dotson, 1st Lieutenant; Joseph A. Summers, 2nd Lieutenant; and Thomas Pool, in 1862. Transferred to Maulsby's Battery in 1862:--John R. Holbert, Corporal; Jacob Barker, W. A. Duckworth, Thomas E. Nutter, and Leroy Rollins. Died:--David H. Young, Corporal, Christian C. Byrd, George H. Kniseley, John McGraw, Marion Osbourn, Daniel R. Westfall, and George Wilson. Deserted:--Alfred W. Flemming, and W. H. H. Goff. Additional Recruits, Since Muster-out, For the Year '64:--Edward M. Brown, Azariah Bee, John A. Beatty, Christian Bollyard, William Braham, Thomas Braham, Alexander Collins, Philip L. Cox, David L. Clayton, Elisha C. Case, Thomas B. Case, John W. Dougherty, John W. Dumire, Ulysses Davis, James P. Eddy, John N. Finnegan, Sylvester Fisher, James E. Gaines, Martin V. Goff, Henry Goff, Andrew Harsh, Tillman H. McDaniel, Eli Mason, John Moore, Nimrod Morris, Wm. McNemer, Andrew J. Nutter, Floyd Nutter, John W. Osbourn, Daniel Powell, Wm. H. Parks, Joshua G. Robinson, David Roberts, Israel T. Summers, Thomas Sanders, Phineas R. Tharpe, Andrew J. Williams, Joseph Wetzel, David L. Whitehair, John P. Whitehair, Thomas G. Zinn, Henry C. Zinn, William Cummings. Aggregate--159 men. RECORD OF COMPANY 'K' OF THE TENTH REGIMENT WEST VIRGINIA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS, IN DECEMBER, 1864: Nimrod Kuykendall, 1st Lieutenant; Benjamin Moats, 2nd Lieutenant; Thomas S. Nutter, 1st Sergeant; James G. Kee, and A. W. Zickafoose, Sergeants; John H. Kelley, Isaiah D. Ayres, John B. Upton, Nicholas Swadley, Lemuel Furr, junior, Wm. H. Simmons, Francis M. Smith, and Henry F. Stanley, Corporals; John W. Amos, Lewis Weinrich, Alex Arrowhead, John F. Ayres, John W. Boston, Henry T. Boston, Jacob B. Bowers, Oliver Barker, James Brooks, Uz Barnes, Armenius Buzzard, Thomas W. Bayne, Thomas J. Braden, David Calhoun, J. A. Cunningham, Floyd S. Cline, Page 648 Jesse Coleman, Phillip R. Eagle, Isaac Ellefrit, Lemuel Furr, senior, Enoch Furr, S. C. Foster, Homer Freeman, R. J. Goodwin, John D. Gregory, George W. Hammer, Lewis Hammer, Justus C. Heck, Asa Jenkins, Samuel Jenkins, A. W. Jeffrey, James Layfield, Felix Moore, F. M. Mitchell, W. J. Mullenax, Jacob Myers, John P. Moats, Samuel S. Malone, Levi Morgan, George J. Newhart, C. N. Nicholson, J. N. Pritchard, William Propst, Isaac Pool, Wirt Phillips, Joseph Raley, John M. Randall, Eli M. Stanley, Salathiel Simmons, John W. Simmons, John P. Sinnett, Edward Shifflet, Isaac Williams, Samuel Wiseman, James P. Wilson, Isaiah Welsh, John G. Webb, Michael D. Webb, Marshall L. Warner, and Milton C. Zigan. Resigned in 1864, Thomas Hess, 1st Lieutenant. Discharged, in '63 and 64--Hezekiah S. Davis, Alexander Hogue, Joseph Jenkins, David S. Pinnell, and Eli Ruckman. Transferred, in '62 and '63--C. C. Meservie, Sergeant; G. A. Douglass, Corporal; John J. Clutter, A. S. Davis, and Charles Bryson. Died:--J. P. Kuykendall, Captain; Ashbel G. Yeager and Thomas R. Barnes, Sergeants; Eli Rex Kendall, Lewis Rexroad, Job Arrowhead, Patrick Drake, R. Thomas Barnett, Aaron Barrackman, Joseph G. Carder, James W. Davis, James Drake, Corporals; Abner Fullwider, John Hawkins, Robert Jenkins, M. J. Killingsworth, Benjamin F. Leggett, W. J. Nottingham, William Stanley, William R. Shifflet, John J. Towner and Dudley G. Wells. Aggregate--107 men. RECORD OF COMPANY 'D' OF THE FOURTEENTH REGIMENT WEST VIRGINIA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS IN 1864: Jacob M. Reitz, Captain; James W. Shroyer, 1st Lieutenant; W. G. Lowther, George W. B. Martin, Lewis P. Reitz, John McMullen, and James R. Brake, 1st Sergeants; James B. Gribble, Wm. E. Griffin, Wm. Jett, Jeremiah Snodgrass, Elias Thomas, Zephaniah Martin, T. M. Bolinger, Corporals; Thomas D. Baker, Arthur G. Bee, Zedekiah Bolinger, Page 649 Wm. B. Crihfield, Silas Cain, Eugenus Calhoun, George H. Campbell, John S. Coulson, Wm. E. Coulson, George W. Cross, John A. Cross, Stephen C. Davis, Wm. S. Drake, Eli B. Dotson, James W. Elliott, Robert L. B. Elder, Jacob H. Fronsman, Wm. C. Glover, George W. Harden, Thomas Hamrick, Simeon Helms, James P. Hess, Elijah Hissam, Francis M. Jones, Jacob Jett, Wm. E. Lough, Henry J. Lowther, William Martin, James W. McGill, Alexander McGill, George E. McGill, Gregory McMullen, Addison Osbourn, Lewis Propst, James M. Propst, John Price, John C. Parks, David F. Randolph, Fletcher S. Riddel, Lair Simons, James Q. Smith, George W. Stuart, Amos G. Thomas, Martin V. Taylor, Edmund R. Tibbs, Wm. A. Valentine, John Watson, Wilson Watson, William Wass, Harvey Westfall, and Wm. W. Wilson. Discharged:--John W. Vanpelt, and Hiram Dotson, in 1863. Transferred:--Eugenus Criss, Caleb D. Spencer, and James G. Morgan, in '62. Died:--James D. Earle, Samuel R. Jones, John Hess, James H. Smith, Jonathan Baker, Amos D. Pritchard, Spencer Maley, Wilson A. Gribble, Wm. F. Boehm, James Cain, John Manear, James T. Patton, Charles A. Mahaney, Wm. McCullough, George W. Miller, Reason H. Wilson, and George S. Richards. The last two named died in the Andersonville prison. Aggregate--87 men. RECORD OF COMPANY "K" OF THE SIXTH REGIMENT WEST VIRGINIA CAVALRY VOLUNTEERS (late 3rd. West Va. Infantry) IN AUGUST 1864: Galelma Law, Captain; John Sommerville, 1st. Lieutenant; Jacob W. Core, 2nd. Lieutenant; George W. Ralston, and Franklin C. Clayton, Sergeants; Benjamin F. Mitchell, Benjamin Starr, and Napoleon Wilson, Corporals; Samuel Hammer, teamster; John F. Basnett, John Hornick, E. Kirkpatrick, Francis M. Malone, Silas McGregor, Benjamin McGinnis, Page 650 John Moore, Francis M. Morgan, John Odell, Samuel F. Randolph, Alfred Simmons, John Wricke, John Walsh, and James Woods. Recruits:--Richard E. Bond, John Maloy, and James R. Westfall. Discharged:-- Moses S. Hall, Captain, (Promoted to Lieut. Col. of the 10th W. V. I. May 20, 1862) Josiah M. Woods, Captain, (Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Feb. 11, 1862 and later to Captain) James Z. Browning, 1st. Lieutenant; Charles Hewitt, 2nd. Lieutenant; John McGinnis, Sergeant; John M. Cox, Corporal; T. H. Bircher, Nathaniel Barker, Ishmael L. Clayton, Alexander Deem, James M. Davis, Wm. Jett, John H. Jordan, Wilson Queen, Josephus Reed, Cornelius D. Smith and Wm. B. Rogers. Died:--John E. Day, 1st. Lieutenant; Ephraim McClasky, 2nd. Lieutenant; John P. Pew, Corporal; Enoch F. Basnett, Jacob W. Bush, James T. Benton, John G. Culp, Hundem Flesher, Joseph C. Geho, John W. Harris, Peter E. Kerns, James Malone, George W. Moats, James S. Moats, Enos E. McDougal, Zachariah Michaelson, John W. Pool, John P. Pew, James A. Simonton, Thomas A. Simonton, James A. Summers, Anthony Smith, and Wells Wricke. Transferred:--Benjamin F. Shrieves. Deserted:--William T. Day. Veterans:--Alfred Malone, Porter Flesher, Wm. G. Heaton, Sergeants; Reuben E. Reed, Edgar W. Tarlton, Robert Costillo, and John B. Gorrell, Corporals; Hervey P. Miller, Bugler; George W. Brown, Henderson P. Bush, John C. Coplan, Dudley E. Dent, J. E. Dennison, John G. Elliott, Charles W. Frederick, Parker C. Gorrell, Ebenezer B. Griffin, Wm. J. Jordan, Wm. N. Jones, Levi Kirkpatrick, C. Lipscomb, John M. Lownie, James Moats, James Maloy, Jacob Morgan, Francis Nicholson, Mabray Osbourn, Jason H. Pritchard, Phillip H. Pritchard, John C. Peck, Martin Parks, George Richards, Jesse Romine, James A. Rider, Jacob Smith, Daniel M. Smith, Thomas J. Stillings, S. C. Saterfield, Barnett A. Silva, Edwin L. Welsh, Jacob Watson, George Watson, and Joseph Weekly. Aggregate--111 Men. Page 651 Though Captain Clammer's company, "C" of the 11th Regiment, West Virginia Infantry Volunteers, was recruited in Calhoun county quite a number of Ritchie men are included in it. Among whom are James F. MacDonald, Martin Smith, Robert H. Rogers, James S. Hardman, John R. Cunningham, Isaac S. Collins, Ezekiel Braden, Alfred Barr, W. L. Cunningham, Andrew J. Evans, John M. Evans, Wm. Hamrick, B. F. Hyman, Robert Glover, Nimrod Lough, Wm. B. Modisette, A. I. J. Rogers, Barnes N. Smith, Granville Tingler, John Tingler, M. A. Ayres, (who rose to the rank of Major), Morgan Rexroad, Francis M. Smith, and possibly others whose names we did not recognize. In Company "M" of the Sixth Regiment, West Virginia Infantry Volunteers, which was recruited in Doddridge county, we find the names of the following Ritchians: Alex. S. Lowther, Obadiah Bee, Samuel V. Brown, John M. Brown, Andrew J. Divers, and John M. Gribble. (Note -- Not a few others whose names have been overlooked here will be found in the different biographical sketches throughout the book.-- Author.)Note.--Grover Cleveland Lemon, the young soldier shown in the group, was born at the little village of Macfarlan, on September 15, 1884, and is the son of John B. Lemon. In 1905 he enlisted in the Signal service of the United States Army, and is now a member of the artillery corps at Fort Totten, New York. He served in Cuba for near two years and was awarded a bronze medal for good conduct; and he also has a silver medal which was awarded him for superior marksman-ship at Sandy Hook, in 1907. Confederate Soldiers in the Civil War.--Through the courtesy of one or more ex-Confederate soldiers, we have a partial record of the citizens of this county, who fought in behalf of the Southern Confederacy: D. M. V. Phillips, Archibald Middleton, Samuel Middleton, Alfred Tennant, Jackson Pribble, Siotha Cain, "Sud" Cain, J. W. Cain, Com. Cain, Hiram Cain, J. T. Cain, Barcus Stanley, Daniel Stanley, John Stanley, Joseph Stanley, Daniel Collins, B. J. Collins, Creed Collins, Columbus Collins, A. J. Patton, A. D. Patton, Wm. Patton, James Trader, Michael Page 652 McGuire, William Lynch, F. J. Mayes, Michael Ayres, Patrick Delaney, James Smith, E. T. Lemon, P. J. Lemon, C. N. Lemon, F. J. Lemon, H. P. Ayres, William Lake, John W. Marshall, Allen Buckner, James Amick, Bart Hickman, Alex Goff, John Goff, James Goff, Philip Goff, L. S. Goff, Mortimer Collins, Nicklin Cline, Allen S. Hall, Leonard S. Hall, John Lafoy, Jack Pribble, Isaac Null, Louis Logue, Daniel Eddy, John Delaney, Packenham Delaney, Cebart Tingler, Cyrus Current, Jacob Dougherty, J. J. Jarvis, J. Alvin Nutter, W. L. Jackson, James Taylor, Isaiah Bee, "Deck" Neal, James Smith, Barnes Smith, P. S. Austin, John M. Patton, Eugene and Marion Tibbs. Death has made sad inroads in the ranks of these veterans, "that once made this old continent tremble from ocean to ocean." Comparatively few of them yet remain. But five commissioned officers of the Union Army are still among us (Major M. A. Ayres, Captains John Sommerville, and G. M. Ireland, and First Lieuts, W. G. Lowther, and Daniel Bush), and only here and there a Confederate veteran is to be found; and to the memory of both alike we pay our tribute, for in many instances they were of the same household -- brother against brother, father against son. And though we are the daughter of a Union soldier, that followed the dear old flag for three weary years, yet we cannot repress our admiration for the courageous man who wore the gray. For though he may have been wrong, did he not love the cause that he believed to be right with the same loyal devotion, and did he not as truly believe in its justice, as his brother who wore the blue? Some of the best friends that we have known are the sons and daughters of Confederate soldiers. And as we turn from the graves of the past with a rose for the Blue and a lily for the Gray, we thank the great Author of Peace that we are a united people, that -- "No more shall the war cry sever, Or the winding rivers be red; They banish our anger forever, When they laurel the graves of our dead." Chapter LIV Some Additional Ancestries* Transcribed by Bonnie Ryan Page 653 Some Additional Ancestries The name "Hall" is said to be of Norwegian origin, and its meaning is hero, but its primitive spelling was Hallr--the final letter being silent. "The old Norse hallr, hals and the Anglo-Saxon haele, haletta have the same significance." Hallett and Henry are diminutives of Hall, and Hallse means the son of Henry. The Norwegians settled quite extensively in Scotland, hence the Scotch Halls. "The English Manor House is another source of the name. In mediaeval documents the manor house is called "Alle," "Halle," "De Aula," and "Del Hall." The chief apartment was the hall proper, which was pressed into service as a petty court of justice, as well as a place of entertainment. Thus the principal survivor or tenant acquired the surname of De Aula, Del Hall or Dela Halle, which was retained by the eldest son, and simply became Hall. In Welsh the name means salt and a worker in salt is a haller. A dwelling near salt works on low marshy ground near the sea is a "hallam," "hall, or halle." Hence the origin of the name of the ancient castle Halla, now city Halle, in Saxony. The name of "Hall" is said to surpass that of any other name in point of number with the exception of Smith, Brown, Jones and Robinson, and it is even more numerous in England than in America. Among the prominent members of the family who have written their names in the world's history are Edward Hall, an eminent English historian of the sixteenth century; Joseph *This data was received too late to find a place in the earlier chapters. Hall, a bishop of Norwich and Exeter, who died in 1656; and Dr. John Hall, who married Susannah Shakespeare. At Stratford-on-Avon, the ring that he placed upon the finger of Susannah when she became his bride, is still to be seen; and the old Stratford church by her side with the ashes of the immortal William Shakespeare, he lies in his last sleep. John Hall, who was born in County Kent, England, in 1584, was one of the earliest of the name to cross to America, he having arrived at Boston in 1633, where he proved himself to be an important personage. His wife, Esther, is supposed to have died on the other side of the water. No fewer than ten "John Halls" were identified among the pioneer settlers of the New England colonies and all of them were supposed to have hailed from sunny England. Most of the family of the first generation belonged in Connecticut. The first notary public in that colony was a Hall, he being appointed by the Archbishop of Canterbury; and the first marriage that took place at Wallinfgord, Connecticut, was that of Thomas Hall and Grace Watson, on June 5, 1673. An old record shows that Thomas Hall received fifty acres of land in recognition of his father's service in the Pequot war in 1637. This same John Hall--father of Thomas, and a soldier of the Pequot war, married a young English maiden by the name of Jeanne Wollen, who was of high birth and well educated, her family being entitled to bear the crest, a demi- lion. An old relic now in the hands of the New Haven Historical Society is the long wooden-handled spear used by John Hall in the Indian wars. This weapon was called a "spoontoon," and was used by the officers to direct the movements of the troops. If placed upright in the ground, it signified halt. If pointed forward, advance; if backward, retreat. The Revolutionary war brought the Halls into prominence in various ways. Dr. Lyman Hall, the Governor of Georgia, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and in the Wallingford cemetery, in Connecticut, a monument stands to his memory; and another, in Augusta, Georgia, marks his resting-place. (The many different families of Halls in this county will doubtless find interest in this brief account of the early history of their name.) Page 655 Harris.--This name in its original spelling eas "Haara," but it became Harry then Harris or Harrison. So Harris signifies of the family of Harry. Haara is the Anglo-Saxon for lord or master. Some of the different spellings are "Herris," Herries, Harries and herz. In England there are branches of the family in every county and village; and about the dawning of the nineteenth century the name Harris held the twenty- fifth rank in the number of deaths, and the twentieth, in the number of marriages in Great Britain, and in Wales the family ranks in number with that of Williams and Jones. Thomas Harris, son of Thomas and Elizabeth Harris, was the first of the name to cross the water to the Occident. And William Harris, another member of the family, assisted Roger Williams in the founding of Providence, Rhode Island. Four of the name, John, Thomas, William and Daniel, who were supposed to have been brothers were among the early settlers of Rowley, Essex county, Massachusetts; and as each possessed a two acre house-lot they are supposed to have been men of some importance. John Harris, an Englishman, was the first settler at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, he having made his improvement on the very site that is now marked by the city in 1726, and when the town was founded, in 1785, it took his name. Lieutenant James Harris took part in the Colonial wars as did Thomas Harris, who was one of the twenty men who were sent from Ipswich as soldiers against the Indians in 1643. Members of the family also served in the American Revolution, and William Harris, who was a sergeant, saw service in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. In 1811, he was commissioned as Brigadier-General and was called into service in the war of 1812, but died before the army took the field. Among the men of letters of this name was the Rev. Dr. John Harris (born in 1667), author of "The Lexicon Technicum," one of the earliest of the many English Encyclopedias. James Harris, a well-known writer, was sent to Brunswick to seel the hand of the unfortunate Princess Caroline Page 656 for the Prince of Wales, it being arranged for him to marry her by proxy and then conduct her to her husband, in England. Anne Harris, a beautiful belle, was the daughter of John Harris, who came to this country early in the eighteenth century. In her youth she had the honor of being the partner of General Washington at a ball given by the financier of the Revolution, Robert Morris, whom she was visiting. And here at this ball she met her fate in Dr. Shiell, and Irish gentleman of means, and when he offered her his hand with his heart her mother vehemently protested, as she wished her daughter to retain her maiden name; but the love that has laughed at locksmiths all down the centuries did so in this instance, and they were married. Another pretty little romance in the family traditions is that of Timothy Harris, of the second American generation, who lived in Brookline, Massachusetts. He had reached the age of thirty-two and being still "heart whole and fancy free," was considered in the light of a confirmed bachelor. But on going to the house of a neighbor by the name of Morey, one morning, and receiving no response to his knock, he opened the door and entered without farther ceremony, and by so doing aroused a sleeping infant, who at once began to cry, and Timothy set himself about hushing it to sleep by rocking the cradle. In the meantime the mother entered and jokingly remarked, "Good heart! old bachelor, I have some hope of you, yet." "Aye, good wife," replied Timothy, and not with out reason, "for I am determined to claim this little damsel for my wife, as soon as she is old enough." And true to his promise, he waited for fifteen years and claimed her in less than a month after her sixteenth birtyday. This was near the year 1697, and their daughter, Abigail, married Samuel Newell. (Notice the similarity of names here in the Harrises of this county. No doubt they all sprang from the same common ancesters.) Phillips.--Eleanor Lexington, in her Colonial Families of America, says, "Emperors and kings, princes and dukes have borne the name of Phillips or Philips, and the family has a rich heritage in its tradition." Page 657 The name is of Greek origin and comes from philos or hippos, meaning a lover of horses. Phillips has been a surname in Great Britain for five hundred years, and the family can be traced back in continuous line to the year 1200; and Stratford-on Avon has been the seat of a branch of the family which spell their name "Phillippo," for centuries. It would be no slight task to keep trace of the various spellings, but in Wales where the family have been prominent Phillipse is the customary form of the name, and the oldest coat-of-arms is that granted to the Wels branch. Phylppe, Pphillipps, Philopoe, Phillot, etc., are other spellings of the name. The Phillipses of Staffordshire descend from Francis Phylyppe, of Neyther Teyne. He lived during the reign of Edward VI. Grace Dien Manor, in Leicester, was the home of the Phillippses. The king's sergeant during the reign of James II was a "Phillips." Westminster Abbey guards the silent dust of the poet, John Phillips, who is distinguished as being the first individual to manifest genuine literary appreciation of Milton. The Reverend George Phillips, the emigrant pilgrim, who came over with Governor Winthrope, is said to have been an especially gifted and godly man. This same George Phillips was a son of Christopher Phillips, of Norfol, England, and was graduated from the college of Cambridge. His salary as the first pastor of the church at Watertown, Massachusetts, was three hogsheads of meal; one hogshead of malte; four bushels of Indian corn; one bushel of oat-meal; and fifty pounds of salt fish. He also had thirty acres of land. His wife died soon after arrival on these shores, and he (George Phillips) married Elizabeth, who was probably the widow of Captain Robert Welden; and his family in all consisted of nine children. One of his sons, the Rev. Samuel Phillips, had eleven children, and his (George's) daughter, Elizabeth, who married the Rev. Edward Payson, had twenty children. Page 658 The founder of the Long Island family was Zerobabel, the son of the Rev. George Phillips, the emigrant. Evenezer, Thomas, John, and James Phillips were also progenitors of Massachusetts families. Walter and Andrew were Maine pioneers and Michael, Richard and Jeremiah settled in Rhode Island. John Phillips, who was born in Boston, in 1770, was the first mayor of that historic city; and he was the father of the renowned orator, Wendell Phillips. Sergent Noah Phillips was one of the "Lexington Alarms," in the Revolution. His name is also spelled "Phelps." Other officers of the name in the Revolution were: Lieut. Thomas and Captain Samuel Phillips, of Rhode Island; Col. Joseph, of New Jersey; and Ensigns Samuel and James, from Virginia, and doubtless the ones from Virginia are the direct ancestors of the Ritchie county family. Samuel Phillips, junior, who was born at North Andover, Massachusetts, in 1751, was a member of the Provincial Congress and of the Constitutional convention, in 1789. He was President of the Senate for fifteen years and was Lieutenant-Governor of his state. He also organized the first incorporated academy in Massachusetts, and helped to endow it. Osbourne.--This name, with its varied spellings--Osoborn, Osbourne, Osbern, Asburn, Osbeorne, Osbiorn, Aspern, etc., comes from two words, "us" or "hus," pronounced "Os," and "bearn" meaning child--an adopted child. "Osbeorn" is the original Angle-Saxon spelling, and "Asbiorn is the old Norse." "Os" implies a hero, and it is probable that the first one upon whom the name was conferred had proved himself to be the victor in a bear hunt. But Miss Lexington gives us this doubtful tradition of the origin of the name: At the battle of Hastings, Walter, a Norman Knight, and a great favorite with his master, William, was engaged in playing chess with him on the bank of the river "Ouse," and won all. The king threw down the board, saying that he had nothing more to play for. "Sire, there in land,"quoth Walter. "There is so," replied the king, "and if thou beat me at this game, also, thine be all the land on this side of the bourne or river which thou canst see as thou sittest." Page 659 Walter had the good fortune to win, and William, clapping his hands on his soulder, said, "Henceforth thou shalt be called Ousebourne." The family has been a prominent one in Kent, Norfolk, Suffolk, and London. The Lord Mayor of London being an Osbourne in 1583; and Peter Osbourne was keeper of the private purse of Edward VI. Two ancient seats of the family are Osborne House, in Derbyshire, Tyld Hall, in Essex. The Duke of Leeds in Yorkshire is an Osbourne. Richard Osbourne, one of the Pilgrim fathers, who came from London, England, in 1634, and settled at Windsor, Connecticut, was one among the first of the name to come to the Western world. He was the founder of the New England branch of the family, and was in the Pequot war, and for his service in this war, received a grant of eighty acres of land at Fairfield, Connecticut. His grandson and namesake, Richard, junior, was an early justice of the peace, and he walked to Danbury, a distance of ten miles, after he had passed the century mark. Josial Osbourne, son of Daniel and grandson of Richard, senior, was a minute man in the Revolution of 1777. John Osbourne, who was one of the founders of Lond Island, came from Kent, England. Of his line was one Thomas, a captain in the Revolution. Others from Connecticut who took up arms in behalf of Liberty were Lieutenants John and Stephen Osbourn and Ensign Samuel. The Osbournes were large land-owners in Virginia. Balaam Osbourne, born in Loudin county, married into a well-known Maryland family by the name of Chew, his wife being Mary, duaghter of John Chew. The family have also been prominent in Pennsylvania. One of Benjamin Franklin's intimate friends was John Osbourne, of New Jersey, who at one time lived in Philadelphia. Eleanor Lexington, in speaking of the characteristics of the family, says, that sterling integrity, superior intelligence and good judgment are traits of character. The family had twenty college graduates by the dawn of the nineteenth century, and it has men of almost every degree of letters: viz., Page 600 poets, authors, journalists, musical composers, statesmen and two of the name are admirals in the English army. Mitchell.--Two theories in regard to the origin of the name "Mitchell" have their adherents. One is that it came from the Anglo-Saxon work "mycel," or mickle, meaning great, or from Michael, meaning "God's power." Michael has always been a popular name, especially in its French form "Michel." Mytchell is an old form of spelling, and this with Mitchel, is perhaps the only variation. Miss Lexington says, "The family are rich in authors and men of science. It also has its statesmen; its solemn representatives of the law; its dignitaries of the church; and its gallant soldiers." The Pennsylvania family trace their ancestry to William and Elizabeth Mitchell, who came from Yorkshire, England, and settled in Bermuda, and from there their descendants came to Philadelphia. George Mitchell, of York county, Pennsylvania, was born in Scotland, in 1734. The Mitchells of Roanoke county, Virginia, are connected by marriage to the family of Col. Zachary Lewis, whose father was a messmate of Washington's in the war with the French. And it is more than probable that this family are the progenitors of the Ritchie county families, as they came for the "Old Dominion." The Connecticut family claim relationship with Rebecca Motte, of Revolutionary fame, and with Governor Dudley and other noted Eastern families. Matthew Mitchell, with his wife and children, was a passenger on board the "James," in 1635; and he served as town clerk of Wethersfield, four years later, and was a representative at court from Saybrook, and a soldier in the Pequot war. In 1643, he removed to Hempstead, Long Island. Miss Lexington says that if the Mitchells are famed for one thing more than another, it is scholarship. But they have been valiant soldiers and have always been in the front ranks when the country has been involved in war. Several of them were officers in the Revolution. Note.--To Frances M. Smith, whose pen name is "Eleanor Page 661 Lexington," of New York, we are indebted for the data concerning these ancestries. Miss Smith has written a large number of Genealogies of Colonial Families of America, which are published in book form as well as Copyrighted in brief story form, by the Frank Allaben Genealogical Company, New York. The Washingtons.--As quite a number of the families of this county are in some way connected to the Washingtons, we have gathered the genealogy of this distinguished family from the Washingtons, at Charleston, West Virginia: Two brothers, Lawrence and John Washington, came to America from England in 1659, and settled at Bridges creek, near its confluence with the Potomac river, in Virginia. John Washington was married in England and brought his wife and two children across the water with him; but they all died in a short time after their arrival; and in 1660, John Washington was again married to Anne Pope, and four children were the result of this union; viz., Lawrence, born at Bridges creek, in 1661, married Mildred Warner, daughter of Col. Augustine Warner, of Gloucester. John, born in 1663, married--------- Elizabeth, born in 1665, married to Thomas Lanier, son of Lewis Lanier, of Bordeaux. France, in 1687. Anne, born in 1667, married -------- Lawrence Washington, the eldest child of Jahn and Anne Pope, who was born in 1661, died at Bridges creek, in 1697. He and hhis wife, Mildred Warner (above mentioned) had three children: John, Augustine, and Mildred. John, born at Bridges creek, in 1692, married Cathrine Whitney. Augustine, born at Bridges creek, in 1694, married Jand Butler and Mary Ball. Mildred, born in 1694, was first married to a Mr. Gregory, and three daughters, Frances, Mildred, and Elizabeth Gregory (who became the wives of Col. Francis Thornton, Col. John Thornton, and Reuben Thornton, respectively, three brothers), were the result of this union. And after the death of Mr. Gregory, Mildred was married to Col. Henry Willis, the founder of Fredericksburg, and one son, Lewis Willis, was born of this union. Page 662 The children of John Washington (son of Lawrence and Mildred Warner) and Cathrine Whitney, were as follows: Warner. born at Bredges creek, in 1715, married Elizabeth Kent, and Hannah Fairfax, and had eight children. Henry, married the daughter of Co. Thacker and had one son. Cathrine, married Fielding Lewis. Augustine, married --------and had one son, William Washington. Lawrence, married------- Mildred, married Mr. Thornton. Frances, married Mr. Thornton. Augustine Washington, second child of Lawrence and Mildred Warner, who was born in 1694 (as above noted), was first married to Jane Butler, and the two children born of this union that grew to the years of maturity were: Lawrence (born in 1718, and married Anne Fairfax); and Augustine (born in 1720, and married Anne Asylett). Jane Butler Washington died on November 24, 1728, and on March 6, 1731, Augustine Washington, senior, married Miss Mary Ball, who was born on the banks of the Rappahannock river, in 1706, and five children were the result of this union; viz., George, Betty, Samuel, John and Charles. George Washington, the "Father of his Country" was born on February 22, 1759, he was married to Mrs. Martha Dandridge Custis, daughter of John Dandridge, and widow of Daniel Parke Custis. Betty or Elizabeth, born in 1733, who became the second wife of Col. Fielding Lewis (mentioned above as the husband of Cathrine Washington), was the mother of six children. Samuel, born in 1734, was married five times. Jane Champ was his first wife, but she died without issue. Mildred Thornton, the second, left two sons, Thornton and Samuel. Lucy Chapman, the third, had no children. Anne Steptoe Allerton (widow of Willoughby Allerton), the fourth, was the mother of George Steptoe, Lawrence Augustine, and Hariett Parks Washington. And Victoria Penn, the fifth and last wife, had no children. John Augustine Washington, born in 1736, was married to Hannah Bushrod, and Richard Blackburn Washington, of Page 663 Charlestown, West Virginia, who is now nearing his ninetieth mile-stone, is his grandson, and is the oldest living Washington (of this race). And to his daughter, Miss Christine Washington, we are indebted for this sketch. Charles Washington, the youngest member of the family, who was born in 1738, married Mildren Thornton, and on his estate, Charlestown, West Virginia, was laid out, and from him it took name. Samuel Washington founded the estate at "Harewood," and George Washington was a frequent visitor here, and is said to have had charge of "Harewood estate" at one time. All three of the brothers (of George Washington) lived and died in the vicinity of Charlestown, and here their descendants are numerous and prominent to-day. The Norris family, through Mary Jones, their maternal ancestor, are in some way connected to the Washingtons, but all the information that we have been able to gather concerning the relationship of the two families is: That the Washingtons and the family of General Walter Jones are connected. This General Walter Jones was born on October 1, 1776, and died on October 14, 1861. He was married in 1808 to Lucinda, daughter of Judge Charles and Ann Lee. Chenoweth Ancestry.--As Mrs. Eva Chenoweth Robinson, of Harrisville, is now the organizer of the Ritchie County Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the account of her ancestry, which she traces back to Lord Baltimore, will doubtless be of much interest to the readers of this book: The ancient name of Chenoweth was "Trevelezick," but John Trevelezick gave a piece of land to one of his younger sons, whose name was John, also; and upon this land he constructed a house and as the word "Chenoweth" a new house in Cornish, he was ever afterwards called "Chenoweth." The elder house failed, however, and the ancient lands descended to the younger branch of the family, who still hold these lands and retain the name. Page 664 "Trevelezick," of St. Earth, married Elizabeth, the daughter of John Terrall, of St. Earth, and had a son, John. This John Chenoweth, of Morgan, married the daughter of Thomas Tregose, and had several children, among whom was a son named "Arthur," who was born in 1620, and was baptized on January nineteenth, at St. Marties, by exter transcript. The family received a visitation of the herald this same year (1620), Sa on Fessor, the Cornish congo heads P. P. S. "This represents a blank shield with a gold band in which three crows in black are cut." This coutom was for a trumpeter to appear in full armor, on horseback, the king's recognition by bestowing a coat-of-arms, or shield as a token from the king to John Chenoweth for valiant services rendered to his country--dated 1620. Arthur Chenoweth, who was born in 1620, had a son, John, a Welsh nobleman, whose nativity was Wales, in 1652. John Chenoweth, this son, was married to Mary Calvert, the daughter of Lord Baltimore, and embarked to America in 1680, and settled in the Mayland colony. He had two daughters and two sons: One of the daughters married a Cecil and settled in Baltimore county, Maryland; and the other married a Dorsey and settled near Ellicots Mill (Md.). The sons, Arthur and Richard, both found homes in Berkeley county (West) Virginia. Arthur Chenoweth was born in 1688; and was married to Mary, daughter of Charles Calvert, the third Lord Baltimore, and came to Berkeley county, in 1720. He and his wife (Mary Calvert) had seven sons, viz., James, John, Abraham, William, Thomas, Arthur and Richard. John Chenoweth, the second son, was married to Mary Smith, at Japa, mear Gundooder, in Harford county, Maryland, on November 21, 1730, and eight children were the result of this union: William, John, Richard, Thomas, Absalom, Elizabeth, Mary and Rachel. John, the head of this family died in 1790. William Chenoweth, the eldest son, who was born, on January 8, 1732, with his sister, Mary was baptized in the old Parish church at Japa, where his birth is recorded. Page 665 He (William) was married to Elizabeth------, and their family consisted of three children; viz., John, Jonathan and William. William, the father of this family died in 1772. John Chenoweth (son of William and Elizabeth), who was born in 1755, was married on January 7, 1777, to Mary Pugh, who was born on January 29, 1762. He enlisted in the Continental army at Romney, in Hampshire county, in 1777, and served for two years during the Revolution; being in the noted battles of Brandywine and Germantown. His children were as follows: Bobert, John, William, Gabriel, Jehu, Nellie, and Mary. Robert Chenoweth, the eldest son, born on April 19,1782, was first married to Miss Rachel Stalnaker, on August 24, 1802, and emigrated to what is now Randloph county, and settled on the site that is marked by the pretty little city of Elkins. His wife, Rachel, died on April 20, 1810; and he then married Edith Skidmore. The children of Robert and Rachel Stalnaker Chenoweth were: Margaret (Mrs. John Coberky), Malinda (Mrs. Wash Taylor), and Mary (Mrs. William Daniels). The children of Robert and Edith Skidmore Chenoweth, were : Susan (Mrs. John Stalnaker), Rachel (Mrs. Jeff Godfrey), Leah (Mrs. Elijah Wease), Anne (Mrs. George Gibson), Emma E. (Mrs. Owne J. Murphy), Edith (Mrs. Adam Repp), Ira S. (married Matilda McCoy), Sarah (Mrs. William Hopkins), Isaac died in childhood, Robert Jomes (married Elizabeth Jane Knotts), and David W. (Miss Caroline Mollohan). Robert James Chenoweth, who was born were the city of Elkins now stands, on October 29, 1829, was married in 1853, to Miss Elizabeth Jane Knotts, who was born in Jackson county, on November 11, 1838, and they were the parents of Mrs. Eva Robinson, she being the twelfth child of a family of eighteen children. Mr. Chenoweth died at his home in Calhoun county, on May 16, 1906, and his wife still survives. Note.--This is taken from a copy of the original visitation of Cornwall, which is in the British Museum in London, which was obtained through Alex Crawford Chenoweth, of the Manhattan Harbor Improvement Company, his wife and son having seen the original. Chapter LV Natural Resources Transcribed by Bonnie Ryan Page 666 Natural Resources West Virginia now holds a second rank in the production of the higher grade of oil and gas, and Ritchie county is one of the leading oil-producing sections of the state. As has already been noted (in the Ritchie Mine chapter), this great industry had its beginning in our Commonwealth, in 1844, when George S. Lemon, discovered it while putting down a well for salt-water, near the mouth of Flint run, in Wirt county, and introduced it into the Marietta market as medicine. Then came the famous Burning Springs-field, in 1860, and from this time it has gradually grown into one of the richest resources of the state. The history of this industry in the county, dates back to the "wind cat wells" between the years 1865 and '70, when one of these wells, which gave a promising showing of oil, was drilled in on Big run, near Cairo. In these early days, the oil interest centered in the Volcano field, in the heavy lubrication oil, which sold as high as twenty dollars a barrel. But after the conflagration, on August 4, 1879, which destroyed most of the town, the development was carried southward past Petroleum to the California House, and on to Burning Springs. Ten years after the Volcano field commenced its decline, Cairo began to show signs of becoming a center for this development, and about 1890 prospecting was begun; and soon exaggerated stories were in circulation as to the importance of the results, and tests extended to Cornwallis, Pennsboro, and Harrisville. On August 11, 1890, A. L. Gracey, now of Marietta, Ohio, leased a tract of land near Cairo, and the A. M. Douglass well, Page 667 which is still a producer after the lapse of twenty years, was the result of this test. Then came well number two on the Hatfield farm; the "Big John," on the McKinney estate, and one on the Dr. Martin, the J. H. Davidson, and the Daniel Weaver farms. In 1885, the Bukey run region was a great forest full of wild game and extensive lumber interests, and a town was located there, which, like the timber and the wild game, has long since disappeared. In 1879, the first oil pipe-line in West Virginia was laid from Volcano to Parkersburg, with a relay station at Murphytown; and in the '90's came the oil developments near Cornwallis, which soon extended up Bear run to Goose creek, where Hugh Mearns brought in the first well on Wolfe run. The oil developments now extend throughout the the county, and a valuable gas well is found here and there. Among the more prominent fields are Bond's creek, Whiskey run, Flannagan, Prunty, Ireland, Cairo, Oil Ridge, Plum, and Elm runs. and the South Penn, the Carter, the Mountain State, and the Hope Gas Company are among the principal operators in the territory. Coal is found in different sections of the county, and large tracts of land, especially in Union district, are under option for this mineral. The Washington coal is distributed all over the county, and among the few mines that are still operated is the J. H. Hymen, near Smithville, and the William Collins, four miles northeast of Pennsboro. And the mine that was once operated on the late James S. Hardman farm, near Hardman chapel, was of this coal. Page 668 Old strip mines are found in the creek valley on two-lick run, a little east of Washburn, where the coal is on a nine hundred feet contour line. It has also been opened in a similar manner a little more than a mile west of Lawford, and here a number of abandoned hill-side openings are to be seen. This coal is also found about the town of Highland (on the 820 foot contour), southeast of Cornwallis, near Harrisville, and to the east of Rock Camp; but its heaviest blossom is one mile west of Pennsboro, near the 800 foot contour. It is usually found in the creek valleys and on hill-side roads wherever the proper level is reached, and it is a most persistent stratum, over the county. South of Berea, one one-fourth miles, a small blossom is seen one hundred sixty feet higher than the Washington coal, which may represent the Dunkard coal horizon. And on the hill to the west of Silver Run Station, on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, a blossom of coal is to be found which may represent the Little Washington coal. The Pittsburg coal has been noticed in a few oil wells in the county, among which are Collins, northeast of Pennsboro, at the mouth of Turtle run, and in the Prunty and Flannagan fields, on the South fork. Two coal seams have been extensively mined, near Volcano, and their relation to each other is shown by the oil records. In these wells, two coals are found sixty-three feet apart, and from two to three feet thick, with a third coal twenty-five feet lower. The upper coal is four hundred thirty-five feet above the top of the Big Lime, and the oil sand is over the Big Lime, therefore it is the Maxton. The salt sand above is an oil sand and the Keener is below. Just south of Petroleum, at the forks of the road, on top of the hill is a mass of red shales with coal ten feet lower, and nodular limestone one hundred feet lower, but the east dip at this point would make the intervals larger than the above surface measurements. Three one-half miles southwest of Petroleum, the Ames limestone out-crops on the hill to the west of a church on Page 669 the road to the California House, at a level of 1020 feet A. T., and farther on at a level of 980 feet. And at the "California House" is a massive cliff of sandstone forty or fifty feet in height. The Waynesburg sandstone occurs in the creeks and river valleys as a massive stratum of coarse sandstone forming vertical cliffs; and it serves as a valuable quarrystone at a number of points in the county. In the northern part it is seen along Goose creek and its branches, but its base is below water level; and it forms the cliffs in the Wolf Pen oil field and is well exposed along the Northwestern turnpike from Pike to beyond League. The North fork of Hughes river is bordered with high cliffs of this sandstone, which has been quarried on a large scale in the past. To the northeast of Cornwallis it is near the river level and forms a narrow gorge through which the railroad passes, with tunnels through the sandstone spurs where the river makes its bends. It has been quarried around Harrisville, where its base is below water level, and where it reaches a thickness of eighty feet, with its top eighteen feet below the Washington coal. Addis and Elm runs have walls of this sandstone, and near Washburn similar cliffs appear with the base below the creek level. The South fork, like the North, is bordered by bold cliffs of it, and the wild and rugged scenery of the Macfarlan region is due to its massive presence. Near Frederick's mill, a quarry has been opened in the upper part of the stratum showing a twenty-foot face, which has been worked back ten feet for a distance of thirty or forty feet along the road-side on the north side of the river. The Dunkard series of sandstone is found two miles southeast of Frederick's mill, at Iris, and near Berea, the rocks form perpendicular cliffs along the river. The various streams over most of the county have cut their valleys into the Monongalia series, but with these exceptions the surface rocks belong in the Dunkard series. The Marietta sandstone is found at from fifteen to twenty feet above the Washington coal. It is found in most of the streams in the Eastern, and Southern portions of the county, Page 670 but is not quarried. It forms the bed of Bear run of Goose creek, and is found north and south of Cokeley, at the B. & O. tunnel west of Pennsboro, at Eva, on Leatherbarke, and in the cliffs along Bone and Spruce creeks. Hughes River and Its Tributaries.--Hughes river flows into the Little Kanawha at the Wirt-Wood county line, eighteen miles above Parkersburg; and near the southwestern corner of the county, it divides into the North and South forks. These two branches and Goose creek, with their various tributaries, form the water courses of the county. The South Fork rises in the south-western part of Doddridge county, and flows in a south-westernly direction through the southern portion of this county, a length of fifty four miles (but thirty-six air-line). Its meanders are sharp and some of them reach a mile in length from the direct course of the river. The valley walls are generally steep and rugged, with small areas of bottom lands here and there. Its tributaries that flow in from the north are: Macfarlan, Indian creek, Lamb's , Long and Jesse Cain's run, Slab creek, Turtle run, and White Oak. Macfarlan is seven miles long, and one branch has its source in the highlands near Cantwell, and the other, near Mellin. Indian creek rises one mile west of Pullman, and flows a distance of eighteen miles, emptying into the river at Beatirce, three miles below Smithville. Chevauxdefrise, Dog and Den run are its principal branches. The chief Southern tributaries of the South fork are Bear run, Laurel, Dutchman, Leatherbake, Gass run, Spruce and Bone creeks, Otterslide and Middle fork, all of which flow in a parallel northwest course. The North Fork of Hughes river. which rise in the extreme north-eastern corner of Ritchie county, is the central draining system of the Northern portion of the county. It flows southwest in a meandering channel for fifty- seven miles to its juncture with the South fork. Its northern tributaries are: Cabin, Sheep, Silver, Big Bukey and Bear runs, Bond's creek, Lost, Stuart, Bunnell, Spring, Poplar Lick and Sugar runs, the largest of which are Bond's creek, and Bunnell's run. Bond's creek rises in the north-western part of the county and flows a distance of eighteen miles to its confluence with the river at Cornwallis, and its main eastern tributary is Husher's run. Page 671 Bunnell's run rises to the north of Pennsboro and reaches the river eight miles to the southwest, it being followed by the Lorama railroad. The Southern branches of the North fork are Gillispie's run, Devil hole creek, Elm, Addis, Rush and Third runs, Rock Camp, Beeson, Lynn Camp, Cabin and Buck runs. Gillispie's run has its source near Mellin, on the divide to the South fork, and is six miles in length, reaching the river below Rusk. Devil Hole flows from the divide near Cantwell, in a winding channel to beyond Rutherford. Elm and Addis run follow nearly parallel west courses less than one mile apart, from the divide to the South for (five miles) to the North fork, four, and two one-half miles, respectively, below Cairo. The other tributaries reach the river in nearly parallel northwest courses with an average length of from four to five miles. Lynn Camp rises on the divide to the north of Pullman, and flows three miles in a north-easterly direction, and then turns back to the northwest parallel to the other stream for three miles to the river. Goose creek has its source near the northern line of the county, at the divide to French creek )of Pleasants county), and follows a winding channel for twenty-eight miles and empties into the Kanawha river at Freeport, across the Wirt county line. It forms the line between Wood and Ritchie counties for six and one-half miles north of its mouth, and the Baltimore and Ohio railroad follows it for six miles--from Volcano to east of Petroleum. Its important tributaries at the north are : Laurel fork, Oil Spring, and Myer's fork (which are parallel to the Volcano fold), Marietta run, Brushy fork, and Layfield and Douglass runs. Its southern tributaries are: Ellison and Long runs, and Nutter fork. Note.--To the West Virginia Geological Survey we are indebted for the principal part of the information contained in this chapter. The End.